Reverberation

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Reverberation poses a major problem to sonar systems, and the means of processing against it are limited. One technique is to take advantage of any Doppler shifts in the frequency of the returned signal. If the sonar system is operating against a moving target, the echo will be Doppler shifted by an amount where v is the speed of the target in the direction of the receiver and f 0 the frequency of the transmitted signal. Thus, if 2Δ f is greater than the bandwidth of the reverberation, the spectrum of the echo will lie outside the spectrum of the reverberation and can easily be detected. This is illustrated in Fig. 11. FIGURE 11. Spectra of Doppler-shifted and unshifted echo returns in reverberation. Note that the reverberation spectrum is broader than the echo spectrum. This is the case for volume reverberation and certain cases of surface reverberation. In surface reverberation, the spread is due mainly to surface motion caused by wind, whereas in volume reverberation the spread arises due to motion of the scattering particles themselves. Also, when the sonar source is moving, the Doppler shift of the reverberation depends on the direction from which it arrives at the receiver, thus contributing to the broadening of the spectrum. Another means of processing against reverberation is to spread its spectral width somehow. If the spectrum of the reverberation can be spread, its power spectral density will be reduced since its power is proportional to the power spectral densi...

When joining an assembly inside the school hall, you must have witnessed how different the voice of the speaker appears from the original. Also, the sound created by the musical instruments in a concert in a closed hall looks very different when matched to its original sound. Ever wondered why and how? The answer to this lies in the theory of reverberation of sound. Reverberation, in acoustics and psychoacoustics, is the persistence of a sound after the sound is made. A reverberation, or reverb, is produced when a sound or signal is reflected producing a large number of reflections to form up and then decay as the sound is absorbed by the objects in the space – which could contain people and material objects including air. This is clearly experienceable when the sound origin stops but the reflections continue, reducing the amplitude gradually to zero. Reverberation is frequency dependent on reverberation time or the length of the decline. It is much applicable in the architectural design of spaces which require having specific reverberation times to attain optimum performance for their planned activity. In comparison to a separate echo, that is detectable at a lowest of 50 to 100 ms after the earlier sound, reverberation is the presence of reflections that arrive in a sequence of less than around 50 ms. As time goes by, the amplitude of the reflections slowly reduces to non-noticeable levels. Reverberation is not limited to indoors. It occurs in forests and other outdoor e...

April 13, 2021 Reverberation plays a key role in any commercial and residential space. Many people blur the defining lines between echoes and reverberations, but they’re slightly different. Reverberations in sound occur when multiple sound waves from a single source bounce off smooth surfaces and come back to your ear in a muddled sound. This reflection of sound isn’t always a bad thing. If you’re a musician, learning how to manipulate reverb can enhance your melodies. But, if you’re a college professor, you likely want a shorter reverberation time so students can better follow along with your lesson. Learn more about these key points and how to define reverberation in acoustics below and gain an understanding of the tools you can use to control reverberations. The Definition of Reverberation — How Is Reverberation Different From an Echo? When you make a sound, sound waves expel from the sources in ripples. The sound waves, full of energy, travel and bounce off surfaces like floors, walls and ceilings until they run out of energy. Sound reverberation occurs when sound waves bounce off of surfaces and back to your ears, causing a muddied repetition of the original sound. Have you ever yelled into an open room and heard your voice travel back to you from multiple directions? People commonly describe this phenomenon as an echo, but echoes are slightly different than reverberations. Both terms describe a sound that persists after the source stops. But an echo is the distinct r...

The letter sequence "v-e-r-b" in reverberate might make you think at first of such word-related brethren as verbum, meaning "word." In fact, reverberate comes from a much different source: the Latin verb verberare, meaning "to whip, beat, or lash," which is related to the noun verber, meaning "rod." Reverberate entered the English language in the 15th century, and one of its early meanings was "to beat, drive, or cast back." By the early 1600s, it began to appear in contexts associated with sound that repeats or returns the way an echo does. Verb Giant shock waves reverberated across the planet, clouding the sky with volcanic eruptions and shaking the ground with endless earthquakes. — Sara Novak, Discover Magazine, 2 June 2023 In a place as small as Uvalde, the pain reverberates, sending aftershocks of trauma and sadness. — Julyssa Lopez, Rolling Stone, 29 May 2023 The shock wave from the mortar’s report reverberated down the length of the bunker, compressing lungs and rattling teeth. — Michael Schwirtz David Guttenfelder, New York Times, 29 Apr. 2023 News of the girl’s death reverberated across all neighborhoods, with leaders noting the inability of the city to keep its youngest residents safe. — Justin Muszynski, Anchorage Daily News, 21 Apr. 2023 His sudden passing immediately reverberated among the restaurant community in Los Angeles and beyond, with many high-profile voices lamenting the loss on social media. — Stephanie Breijo, Los Angeles Times, 10 Apr. 2023 But ou...

The letter sequence "v-e-r-b" in reverberate might make you think at first of such word-related brethren as verbum, meaning "word." In fact, reverberate comes from a much different source: the Latin verb verberare, meaning "to whip, beat, or lash," which is related to the noun verber, meaning "rod." Reverberate entered the English language in the 15th century, and one of its early meanings was "to beat, drive, or cast back." By the early 1600s, it began to appear in contexts associated with sound that repeats or returns the way an echo does. Verb Giant shock waves reverberated across the planet, clouding the sky with volcanic eruptions and shaking the ground with endless earthquakes. — Sara Novak, Discover Magazine, 2 June 2023 In a place as small as Uvalde, the pain reverberates, sending aftershocks of trauma and sadness. — Julyssa Lopez, Rolling Stone, 29 May 2023 The shock wave from the mortar’s report reverberated down the length of the bunker, compressing lungs and rattling teeth. — Michael Schwirtz David Guttenfelder, New York Times, 29 Apr. 2023 News of the girl’s death reverberated across all neighborhoods, with leaders noting the inability of the city to keep its youngest residents safe. — Justin Muszynski, Anchorage Daily News, 21 Apr. 2023 His sudden passing immediately reverberated among the restaurant community in Los Angeles and beyond, with many high-profile voices lamenting the loss on social media. — Stephanie Breijo, Los Angeles Times, 10 Apr. 2023 But ou...

April 13, 2021 Reverberation plays a key role in any commercial and residential space. Many people blur the defining lines between echoes and reverberations, but they’re slightly different. Reverberations in sound occur when multiple sound waves from a single source bounce off smooth surfaces and come back to your ear in a muddled sound. This reflection of sound isn’t always a bad thing. If you’re a musician, learning how to manipulate reverb can enhance your melodies. But, if you’re a college professor, you likely want a shorter reverberation time so students can better follow along with your lesson. Learn more about these key points and how to define reverberation in acoustics below and gain an understanding of the tools you can use to control reverberations. The Definition of Reverberation — How Is Reverberation Different From an Echo? When you make a sound, sound waves expel from the sources in ripples. The sound waves, full of energy, travel and bounce off surfaces like floors, walls and ceilings until they run out of energy. Sound reverberation occurs when sound waves bounce off of surfaces and back to your ears, causing a muddied repetition of the original sound. Have you ever yelled into an open room and heard your voice travel back to you from multiple directions? People commonly describe this phenomenon as an echo, but echoes are slightly different than reverberations. Both terms describe a sound that persists after the source stops. But an echo is the distinct r...

Bilingual Dictionaries • English–Dutch Dutch–English • English–French French–English • English–German German–English • English–Indonesian Indonesian–English • English–Italian Italian–English • English–Japanese Japanese–English • English–Norwegian Norwegian–English • English–Polish Polish–English • English–Portuguese Portuguese–English • English–Spanish Spanish–English

More • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Reverberation When attending an assembly inside the school auditorium, you must have observed how different the orator’s voice appears from the original. Also, the sound produced by the musical instruments during a concert in a closed hall appears very different compared to its original sound. Ever wondered why? The answer to this lies in the concept of reverberation of sound. Reverberation: Definition Reverberation is the phenomenon of the persistence of sound after it has been stopped due to multiple reflections from surfaces, such as furniture, people, air, etc., within a closed surface. These reflections build up with each reflection and decay gradually as they are absorbed by the surfaces of objects in the enclosed space. It is the same as the echo, but the di...