Abstract. Plant environment is a complex system where coordinated interactive biology involving various metabolite products and other intermediates determines the overall development and growth of plant. Among the phytohormones, auxins play a fundamental role in various signaling pathways involving other hormones and metabolites affecting cell.

Tumor viruses were too small to act as vectors, so Berg and his colleagues engineered a virus for the purpose. The technique they developed in 1971-72 for splicing two DNA molecules--one from a tumor virus and one from a plasmid carrying E. coli genes--marked the beginning of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology. In 1980, Berg received the Nobel.