Biventricular hypertrophy ECG. In case the ECG or other examinations suggest left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), one should suspect concomitant right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) if the following ECG criteria are presented: Right axis deviation (>90°) – This never occurs in LVH. Deep S-wave in V5 or V6 (>6 mm)

In obstructive HCM, the thickened part of the heart muscle, usually the wall (septum) between the two bottom chambers (ventricles), blocks or reduces the blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. Most people with HCM have this type. In nonobstructive HCM, the heart muscle is thickened but doesn’t block blood flow out of the heart.

Ventricular fibrillation. This type of arrhythmia occurs when rapid, chaotic electrical signals cause the lower heart chambers (ventricles) to quiver instead of contacting in a coordinated way that pumps blood to the rest of the body. This serious problem can lead to death if a normal heart rhythm isn't restored within minutes.

One major difference between re-entrant and non– re-entrant ventricular tachycardia (VT) is that the electrophysiological substrate for re-entry is acquired during postnatal development and is due to anatomic insult (eg, ischemic heart disease or viral myocarditis), whereas the substrate for triggered activity is likely often acquired during.

In right-sided heart failure, the heart’s right ventricle is too weak to pump enough blood to the lungs. As blood builds up in the veins, fluid gets pushed out into the tissues in the body. Right-sided heart failure symptoms include swelling and shortness of breath.