Siam

People speaking one of the Tai group of languages settled in what is now Thailand around 1,000 years ago. The name Siam came from a Sanskrit word, syam. It was adopted by the Portuguese from the 16th century and became the accepted geographical term. Kingdoms rose and fell, but from the 1780s the Chakri dynasty ruled the whole of Siam from their capital at Bangkok. They extended their domain into parts of modern Laos, Cambodia and Malaya, but in the late 19th and early 20th centuries they were forced to surrender their territories there to the French. In 1927 a radical People’s Party was formed. One of its founders was an army officer called Phibun (in full, Luang Phibunsongkhram), who in 1932 helped to lead a coup against the Chakri king and set up a government closer to a western-style democracy, with a parliament. The monarchy survived, but in 1938 Phibun took charge as dictator. A forceful nationalist and moderniser, he changed the country’s name to Thailand. The change was part of Phibun’s determination to bring his people into the modern world and at the same time to emphasise their unique identity. It was an anti-Chinese move with the slogan ‘Thailand for the Thai’. There were many Chinese in the country and many prosperous Chinese businesses, but Phibun cut down immigration from China and government-backed Thai businesses were set up, while the use of Mandarin in Chinese schools was limited to two hours a week. Thailand adopted the western calendar, a new flag was ...

How Siam Became Thailand The Royal Images of Chakri Dynasty Kings of Thailand was show at Thai Human Imagery Museum in Nakornprathom,Thailand. Editorial credit: kajornyot wildlife photography / Shutterstock.com Siam was the official name of Thailand before 1939, which is when the country officially changed its name to Thailand. This decision came after a heavily contested struggle for control between two different powers. On one side was the Siamese monarchy that sought to establish absolute authority over its Southeast Asian territories. On the other were academic politicians who sought to seize control from the weakened monarch. After King Rama VI died, his brother Prajadhipok ruled, and the new political class installed him as the King under their administration's authority. King Prajadhipok signing the Permanent Constitution of Siam on December 10, 1932 A significant change occurred in this non-violent coup; the absolute monarchy transformed into a constitutional monarchy. As part of this transition, Siam decided to rename itself as Thailand in order to symbolize a new era of independence and sovereignty. Thai, in the local language, means "free man." Furthermore, the name change is a manifestation of isolationist and nationalistic ideals concerned with establishing a state for the Thai ethnocracy. This dynamic period marked a significant turning point in Thai history that significantly shaped the course of modern Thai politics. The History Of Thailand Royal Grand Pala...

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