Spongilla

ADVERTISEMENTS: In this article we will discuss about the structure of spongilla with the help of a diagram. 1. It is a common freshwater colonial sponge found usually attached to sticks or pieces of wood in lakes and ponds. 2. Usually yellowish brown in colour and comprised of numerous small individuals with a common flat base. ADVERTISEMENTS: 3. Every individual is perforated with numerous ostia and also has one osculum for one individual or one osculum for more than one individual. In the later case two such individuals are said to represent each other’s branches. 4. Canal system is of rhagon type and skeleton is of spongin fibres with interspersed silicious monaxon spicules.

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BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems Spongilla lacustris Description Spongilla lacustris, also commonly referred to as freshwater sponge, is a species of sponges from the family Spongillidae. They inhabit freshwater rivers and lakes, often growing under logs or rocks. Lacustris is a Latin word meaning "related to or associated with lakes". The species ranges from North America to Europe and Asia. It is the most common freshwater sponge in central Europe. It is the most widespread sponge in Northern Britain, and is one of the most common species of sponges in lakes and canals. Spongilla lacustris have the ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually. They become dormant during winter. The growth form ranges from encrusting, to digitate, to branched, depending upon the quality of the habitat. From Wikipedia article at Source Data Source ID Link Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF) 2244988 PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB) 351918 Rank species Taxonomy (GBIF) Spongilla lacustris Taxonomy (PBDB) Spongilla : Spongilla lacustris Taxonomic Status (GBIF) accepted Classification (PBDB,GBIF) Rank Name Author - - Cavalier-Smith 1987 kingdom phylum Grant 1836 class subclass Cardenas et al. 2012 order Manconi and Pronzato 2002 family Gray 1867 genus Lamarck 1816 species Spongilla lacustris Linnaeus 1759 Generic Name Spongilla Scientific Name Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1759) Name Published In Systema natur...

Examinations • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Spongilla Spongilla is a genus of freshwater sponges. They are found attached to rocks, sticks and plants. To withstand adverse weather conditions, they have a dormant stage known as gemmules. These sponges have a thin dermal layer and have a soft texture. Spicules present on the dermal layer provide skeletal framework and protection. Spongilla Classification and Examples Spongilla is classified under phylum Porifera. They belong to the class Demospongiae, characterized by the skeleton of spongin fibres, siliceous spicules or both. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Porifera Class Demospongiae Order Spongillida Family Spongillidae Genus Spongilla The common species of Spongilla is Spongilla lacustris. Spongilla Structure and Characteristics • Spongilla are found in freshwater, lakes and slow streams. They get attached to submerged plants, logs and sticks • They may be branched or unbranched and have numerous Ostia present all over the surface • The colour varies from light yellow to green. It depends on the amount of zoochlorella, a green alga (symbiotic association) • The outer surface is soft textured and supported by a skeleton of spicules, spongin fibres or both. S...

Subspecies Spongilla alba bengalensis Annandale, 1906 accepted as Spongilla alba Carter, 1849 (junior synonym) Subspecies Spongilla alba marina Annandale, 1907 accepted as Spongilla alba Carter, 1849 (junior synonym) Variety Spongilla alba var. rhadinea Annandale, 1919 accepted as Rosulaspongilla rhadinaea (Annandale, 1919) (junior synonym) de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez, B.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Carballo, J.L.; Cárdenas, P.; Díaz, M.-C.; Dohrmann, M.; Downey, R.; Goodwin, C.; Hajdu, E.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Kelly, M.; Klautau, M.; Lim, S.C.; Manconi, R.; Morrow, C.; Pinheiro, U.; Pisera, A.B.; Ríos, P.; Rützler, K.; Schönberg, C.; Vacelet, J.; van Soest, R.W.M.; Xavier, J. (2023). World Porifera Database. Spongilla alba Carter, 1849. Accessed at: https://marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=167226 on 2023-06-15 original description (of Spongilla alba bengalensis Annandale, 1906 ) Annandale, N. (1911). Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids and Polyzoa. Porifera. Pp. 27-126, 241-245, pls I-II. In: Shipley, A.E. (Ed.), Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. (Taylor and Francis: London): i-viii, 1-251. additional source Debrot, A.O.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (2001). First records of the freshwater sponges Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera and Spongilla alba from Curaçao, with species descriptions and data from transplantation experiments. Caribbean Journal of Science. 37 (1-2): 88-94. page(s): 91 Available for editors additional source Kilian, E.F.; Wintermann-Kilian, G. (197...