State the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Question: State the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? The primary difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells lies in the organization of their genetic material. Eukaryotic cells possess a true nucleus, which contains the cell's DNA in the form of multiple linear chromosomes, while prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and instead have their DNA contained in a single circular chromosome located in the cytoplasm. Additionally, eukaryotic cells are typically larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells, possessing a range of membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and lysosomes. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, lack these organelles and are generally simpler in structure. Finally, eukaryotes are typically multicellular, while prokaryotes are unicellular.

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Genetic information DNA is circular, usually free-floating in cytoplasm DNA is linear, found in nucleus Organelles No nucleus or membrane-bound organelles Has nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (ie: mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi body, ER) Size Small (1-5 micrometers) Larger (10-100 micrometers) Organisms Bacteria/archaea Animals, plants, fungi, protists Cell structure Always unicellular Can be unicellular or multicellular A eukaryote is an organism with complex cells, or a single cell with a complex structures. In these cells the genetic material is organized into chromosomes in the cell nucleus. Animals, plants, algae and fungi are all eukaryotes. There are also eukaryotes amongst single-celled protists. Unlike unicellular archaea and bacteria, eukaryotes may also be multicellular and include organisms consisting of many cell types forming different kinds of tissue. Prokaryotes are singled cell organisms. I read on another article here on Khan Academy that prokaryotic cells can organize to form something that resembles a multicellular organism, and that it can be discussed if that's multicellular or not. So how can prokaryotes "always" be unicellular? Source: "In general, prokaryotes are single-celled organisms. However, there's increasing evidence that some groups of prokaryotic cells can organize to form structures that resemble multicellular organisms. Whether this counts as "real" multicellularity is a question hotly debated by researcher...

Take a moment and look at yourself. How many organisms do you see? Your first thought might be that there's just one: yourself. However, if you were to look closer, at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract, you would see that there are actually many organisms living there. That’s right - you are home to around 100 trillion bacterial cells! All cells fall into one of these two broad categories. Only the single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are classified as prokaryotes— pro means before and kary means nucleus. Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are all eukaryotes— eu means true—and are made up of eukaryotic cells. Often, though—as in the case of we humans—there are some prokaryotic friends hanging around. Despite these similarities, prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in a number of important ways. A prokaryote is a simple, single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. We’ll talk more about the nucleus and organelles in the next article on eukaryotic cells, but the main thing to keep in mind for now is that prokaryotic cells are not divided up on the inside by membrane walls, but consist instead of a single open space. The majority of prokaryotic DNA \text DNA start text, D, N, A, end text is found in a central region of the cell called the nucleoid, and it typically consists of a single large loop called a circular chromosome. The nucleoid and some other frequently seen features of prokaryotes are shown ...

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Small cell size (0.2 - 2 um) Large cell size (10 - 100 um) Nucleus absent Nucleus present Membrane-bound organelles absent Membrane-bound organelles present DNA in circular chromosomes DNA in linear chromosomes Cell division by binary fission Cell division by mitosis and meiosis Bacteria and microbes from the group Archaea are prokaryotes. All other life, including plants, animals, fungus, and amoebas, are eukaryotes. The eukaryotic cell shown above on the rightis representative of an animal cell. Additional images via Wikimedia Commons. Prokaryotic cell by LadyofHats. Bibliographic details: • Article: Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes • Author(s): Sally Warring • Publisher: Arizona State University School of Life Sciences Ask A Biologist • Site name: ASU - Ask A Biologist • Date published: February 24, 2016 • Date accessed: June 15, 2023 • Link: https://askabiologist.asu.edu/prokaryotes-vs-eukaryotes APA Style Sally Warring. (2016, February 24). Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes. ASU - Ask A Biologist. Retrieved June 15, 2023 from https://askabiologist.asu.edu/prokaryotes-vs-eukaryotes