The phoenicians an almost forgotten people

Contents • 1 Reading Passage 1 • 1.1 The Phoenicians: An Almost Forgotten People • 1.1.1 Questions 1-8 • 1.1.2 Question 9-13 • 2 Answer Key • 3 Explanation The Academic passage, The Phoenicians: An Almost Forgotten People Reading Answers, is a reading passage that consists of 13 questions. With diligent practice, the By solving and reviewing Sample Reading questions from past IELTS papers, you can ensure that your Reading skills are up to the mark. Take the practice test The Phoenicians: An Almost Forgotten People below and try more The question types found in this passage are: • • Reading Passage 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on the Reading Passage below. The Phoenicians: An Almost Forgotten People A The Phoenicians inhabited the region of modern Lebanon and Syria from about 3000 BC. They became the greatest traders of the pre-classical world, and were the first people to establish a large colonial network. Both of these activities were based on seafaring, an ability the Phoenicians developed from the example of their maritime predecessors, the Minoans of Crete. B An Egyptian narrative of about 1080 BC, the Story of Wen-Amen, provides an insight into the scale of their trading activity. One of the characters is Wereket-El, a Phoenician merchant living at Tanis in Egypt’s Nile delta. As many as 50 ships carry out his business, plying back and forth between the Nile and the Phoenician port of Sidon. C The most prosperous period for P...

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The people known to history as the Phoenicians occupied a narrow tract of land along the coast of modern Syria, Lebanon and northern Israel. They are famed for their commercial and maritime prowess and are recognised as having established harbours, trading posts and settlements throughout the Mediterranean basin. However, the Phoenicians’ lack of recognisable territory, homogeneous language or shared cultural heritage means that, despite being one of the most influential Mediterranean peoples of the first millennium BC, their identity has long remained shrouded in mystery. In Search of the Phoenicians takes the reader on an exhilarating quest to reveal more about these enigmatic people. Using a dazzling array of evidence, this engaging book investigates the construction of identities by and for the Phoenicians from the Middle East to Ireland, from the Bronze Age to Late Antiquity and beyond. The volume’s starting point is to emphasise the lack of definitive evidence to support the notion that the Phoenicians ever self-identified as a single ethnic group or acted as a stable collective. Quinn, however, argues against simply dismissing them as a historical mirage. Rather, having demonstrated that the Phoenicians were originally an invention of ancient Greek ethnographic traditions, she shows how, during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, eastern and western conceptions of ethnicity became blurred, leading some cities to identify themselves as ‘Phoenician’. Significantly, she...

27 D 28 C 29 E 30 B 31 environmental 32 light 33 multi-tasking 34 food 35 predator 36 E 37 H 38 B 39 B 40 A The Phoenicians inhabited the region of modern Lebanon and Syria from about 3000 BC. They became the greatest traders of the pre-classical world and were the first people to establish a large colonial network. Both of these activities were based on (Keyword or Answer) seafaring, an ability the Phoenicians developed from the example of their maritime predecessors, the Minoans of Crete. An Egyptian narrative of about 1080 BC, the Story of Wen-Amen, provides an insight into the scale of their trading activity. One of the characters is Wereket-El, a Phoenician (Keyword or Answer) merchant living at Tanis in Egypt’s Nile delta. As many as 50 ships carry out his business, plying back and forth between the Nile and the Phoenician port of Sidon. The most prosperous period for Phoenicia was the 10th century BC when the surrounding region was stable. Hiram, the king of the Phoenician city of Tyre, was an ally and business partner of Solomon, King of Israel. For Solomon’s (Keyword or Answer) temple in Jerusalem, Hiram provided (Keyword or Answer) craftsmen with particular skills that were needed for this major construction project. He also supplied materials – particularly timber, including cedar from the forests of Lebanon. And the two kings went into a trade-in (Keyword or Answer) partnership. They sent out Phoenician vessels on long expeditions (of up to three years for the ...

SCIENCE Teachers, scroll down for a quick list of key resources in our Teachers Toolkit. The Roman author and historian Pliny the Elder attributes the invention of glass to the Phoenicians. This gorgeous Phoenician glasswork (probably a pendant or a necklace) was uncovered at an ancient necropolis at Carthage, Tunisia, in 1901. Discussion Ideas • Researchers recently sequenced the genome of the “ • Good question! Relatively little is known about these “ancient rulers of the Mediterranean.” • The Phoenicians were a seafaring Mediterranean people who dominated trade between about 1550 BCE and 300 BCE, when their civilization was overtaken by the Persians and the Greeks. • The Phoenicians are primarily remembered as adept sailors and cunning merchants. They used their strategic position at the crossroads of eastern and western cultures to build a trading empire that extended from the • Fun fact: The • The article and research paper identify the genome as Phoenician, but describe the Young Man of Byrsa as being discovered in a Punic, not Phoenician, burial crypt. Who were the Punics? • The • The center of Phoenician culture was the city-state of Tyre, in what is now Lebanon. If the Phoenicians were based in the eastern Mediterranean, why does most information about the Phoenicians come from • Good reason: People are still living there. “The main Phoenician coastal cities, Tyre, Sidon, Byblos and Arwad, are located in what is now Lebanon and southern Syria. These cities have be...

Imagine having to write out a letter using symbols to represent words, and imagine if those symbols had different meanings in each geographical area of your country. It would be confusing and communication would come to a near standstill. Thankfully, there was an incredible invention that broke words down into sounds and enabled people across the European continent to begin communicating more effectively with each other and their neighbors. It was one of the most well known inventions of the Phoenicians: the At around 800 BC, the After the Greeks had started using this new alphabet, the Etruscans and, later on, the Romans followed suit. The basic letters of the alphabet were easily adapted to other languages across Europe, leading to the alphabet we are familiar with today. 9. Lost Writings Although the Phoenicians invented the letters of the alphabet, very little of their writing exists today. While historical sources mention the poets and philosophers of Phoenicia and we know that they kept records of their finances and religious beliefs, only a few inscriptions have survived. Ancient Greeks and Because of this great loss, much of what we know about 8. Worshipped Gods and Goddesses The goddess Tanit was unlike the goddesses we think of today. She was both a nurturing and a sexual being. People turned to her when they needed help and guidance, but they also prayed to her when they wanted love or physical attention. In the minds of the Phoenicians, women could be both moth...