The wavelength of an electromagnetic radiation is 400

The EM spectrum The EM spectrum Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their frequency f or, equivalently, according to their wavelength λ = c/f. Visible light has a wavelength range from ~400 nm to ~700 nm. Violet light has a wavelength of ~400 nm, and a frequency of ~7.5*10 14 Hz. Red light has a wavelength of ~700 nm, and a frequency of ~4.3*10 14 Hz. Visible light makes up just a small part of the full electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies include ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays. Electromagnetic waves with longer wavelengths and lower frequencies include infrared light, microwaves, and radio and television waves. Type of Radiation Frequency Range (Hz) Wavelength Range gamma-rays 10 20 - 10 24 1 mm Problem: Two microwave frequencies are authorized for use in microwave ovens, 900 and 2560 MHz. Calculate the wavelength of each. Solution: • Reasoning: For all electromagnetic waves in free space λf = c. • Details of the calculation: λ = c/f. f = 900*10 6/s,λ = (1/3) m f = 2560*10 6/s,λ = 11.7 cm. Problem: Distances in space are often quoted in units of light years, the distance light travels in one year. (a) How many meters is a light year? (b) How many meters is it to Andromeda, the nearest large galaxy, given that it is 2.54*10 6 light years away? (c) The most distant galaxy yet discovered is 12*10 9 light years away. How far is this in meters? Solution: • Reasoning: All electromagnetic waves...

Electromagnetic radiation is one of the many ways that energy travels through space. The heat from a burning fire, the light from the sun, the X-rays used by your doctor, as well as the energy used to cook food in a microwave are all forms of electromagnetic radiation. While these forms of energy might seem quite different from one another, they are related in that they all exhibit wavelike properties. If you’ve ever gone swimming in the ocean, you are already familiar with waves. Waves are simply disturbances in a particular physical medium or a field, resulting in a vibration or oscillation. The swell of a wave in the ocean, and the subsequent dip that follows, is simply a vibration or oscillation of the water at the ocean’s surface. Electromagnetic waves are similar, but they are also distinct in that they actually consist of 2 2 2 2 waves oscillating perpendicular to one another. One of the waves is an oscillating magnetic field; the other is an oscillating electric field. This can be visualized as follows: While it’s good to have a basic understanding of what electromagnetic radiation is, most chemists are less interested in the physics behind this type of energy, and are far more interested in how these waves interact with matter. More specifically, chemists study how different forms of electromagnetic radiation interact with atoms and molecules. From these interactions, a chemist can get information about a molecule’s structure, as well as the types of chemical bond...

Electrically charged particles are trapped by the Earth’s magnetic field, forming the Van Allen radiation belts. Observations show that electrons in this region can have energies in excess of 7 MeV. However, whether electrons at these ultra-relativistic energies are locally accelerated, arise from betatron and Fermi acceleration due to transport across the magnetic field, or if a combination of both mechanisms is required, has remained an unanswered question in radiation belt physics. Here, we present a unique way of analyzing satellite observations which demonstrates that local acceleration is capable of heating electrons up to 7 MeV. By considering the evolution of phase space density peaks in magnetic coordinate space, we observe distinct signatures of local acceleration and the subsequent outward radial diffusion of ultra-relativistic electron populations. The results have important implications for understanding the origin of ultra-relativistic electrons in Earth’s radiation belts, as well as in magnetized plasmas throughout the solar system. Discovered at the start of the space age, the Van Allen radiation belts consist of relativistic ( ≳500 keV) and ultra-relativistic ( ≳3MeV) electrons Distinguishing the relative importance of local acceleration and inward radial diffusion in energizing radiation belt electrons is possible by considering the radial profile of the electron differential flux divided by the particle momentum squared μ, K, and L*—see Supplementary Not...

[ "article:topic", "authorname:openstax", "electromagnetic spectrum", "radio waves", "visible light", "blackbody", "gamma rays", "Stefan-Boltzmann law", "energy flux", "infrared", "microwave", "ultraviolet", "Wien\u2019s law", "X-rays", "license:ccby", "showtoc:no", "program:openstax", "source[1]-phys-3638", "source[2]-phys-3638", "licenseversion:40", "source@https://openstax.org/details/books/astronomy" ] \( \newcommand\) • • • • • • Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Understand the bands of the electromagnetic spectrum and how they differ from one another • Understand how each part of the spectrum interacts with Earth’s atmosphere • Explain how and why the light emitted by an object depends on its temperature Objects in the universe send out an enormous range of electromagnetic radiation. Scientists call this range the electromagnetic spectrum, which they have divided into a number of categories. The spectrum is shown in Figure \(\PageIndex\) Radiation and Earth’s Atmosphere. This figure shows the bands of the electromagnetic spectrum and how well Earth’s atmosphere transmits them. Note that high-frequency waves from space do not make it to the surface and must therefore be observed from space. Some infrared and microwaves are absorbed by water and thus are best observed from high altitudes. Low-frequency radio waves are blocked by Earth’s ionosphere. Types of Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic radiation with the shortest wavele...

Hint:Sodium has a symbol Na and has an atomic number of \[11\] it is known to be a very reactive metal as it is a group \[1\] element. All elements in group \[1\] are highly reactive and as they donate electrons, they are called metals. They are highly malleable and good conductors of electricity. It does not occur as a free metal in nature but as a compound. Complete step-by-step answer: Sodium is known to exist in various minerals such as rock salt and sodalite. Its salts are very highly water soluble and they have been leached by the process of water. By the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide, we can obtain sodium metal. Sodium is essential for both plants and animals which makes it a major cation in the extracellular fluid and its osmotic pressure and compartment volume. Electromagnetic radiation occurs when photons flow. This can also be called light quanta that occur in space. They are called the packets of energy and this energy can be transferred in the form by the equation \[E = Hv.\] This always moves in the speed of light which is universal. Here $h$ is called as the Planck’s constant, where $h$ is the symbol of the same. And here \[v\] is the same as the frequency of electromagnetic waves. The ionization energy of sodium will be equal to the energy possessed by the radiation of wavelength \[242\;nm\] It is \[E = \frac = 494000J = 494kJ.\] Note: The spectrum changes as per the frequencies of these electromagnetic radiation which can be the low values such as radio...

Producers, consumers and decomposers Producers and consumers Feeding relationships show what organisms eat or are eaten by others and through this the levels of organisation in an ecosystem. These can be shown in food chains , which add together to make food webs for a habitat . A simple example of a food chain is: grass → rabbits → foxes Radiation from the sun is the source of energy for living organisms. At the base of almost every food chain is a producer . These are plants or algae, which photosynthesise . This means they convert energy from the sun into glucose during photosynthesis, which produces biomass . It is this which feeds the rest of the food chain. All animals above the producer are called consumers. The first is the primary consumer and the next is the secondary consumer . Animals that hunt and kill others are called predators and those that are hunted and killed are called prey . The top animal in the feeding relationship is called the apex predator. Decomposers Decomposers are bacteria and fungi, which break down dead organisms in a process called decomposition or rotting. They do this by releasing enzymes onto the dead matter and afterwards, consume the broken down substances. They form a vital role in the recycling of matter. When organisms die and decompose plants absorb the broken down nutrients through their roots. Organism How it gets energy Producer Photosynthesis Primary consumer Eat the producers, most are herbivores Herbivores Eat only plants Se...

How efficient is this ecosystem? Hmmm. I don't know how to answer that. It's quite pretty, so I'd guess very efficient? Actually, that's not quite what this means. You see, there is a certain amount of energy within all living things, so ecosystems are full of the exchange of energy between various organisms. Now, whenever energy is transferred some is lost, but the less energy lost, the more efficient the ecosystem. Here, how about a little hike through this ecosystem, and you'll see what I mean. All right, so here we are in the jungle. What do we see? Well, just look at all of the signs of life, from plants to insects to birds. When looking at the energy within an ecosystem, we have to start by looking at a few things. First is the biomass, the total potential energy from biological material. All of these plants contain energy, and since this is such a dense jungle, we can guess that the total biomass in this ecosystem is pretty high. From here, we've got to establish the trophic levels. The various levels of a food chain are the trophic levels; these are the steps where energy is actually transferred from one level to another. As energy passes through trophic levels, it goes through two main stages of production. First we start with the primary producers, organisms that create their own energy. The most common example of this is the way that plants create energy from light and carbon dioxide using photosynthesis. In this case, plants are taking an inorganic molecule (ca...

Karnataka Voter List 2023 pdf Download District ward wise. CEO Karnataka Voter ID Card List, Matadara Patti and application status. In the year 2022 and 2023 different states of India have made a great progress differently after gaining some relaxation from the covid-19 pandemic situation. States like Karnataka have witnessed the taste of development in various fields be it technology, employment, education or political. Contents • • • • • Karnataka Voter List 2023 In this article we will share the information related to the Karnataka Voters List, Benefits, Eligibility and how the citizens can check their names in the voter’s list. The Karnataka voters list 2023 has been released by the government of Karnataka and election commission of India on the Chief Electoral Officer (CEO) website. The main aim of the Karnataka voter list is to make a list of all the voters of Karnataka who are 18 years of age or going to turn 18 and are more than 18 years of age and have the right to vote in the upcoming election. The citizens of Karnataka state need to visit the official website and from there they can check their name on the voter list. PM Kisan Samman Nidhi Karnataka Voter ID Card List 2023 We all are aware that Voting is a fundamental right of every citizen residing in India. Every citizen of India must have this sense of duty that after attaining the age of 18 years he must vote and help to build the future of the nation by choosing an appropriate government. The voter must pos...

About Karnataka Legislature Karnataka has a bicameral legislature, which means it has two- chamber legislation. Karnataka has 224 members in legislative assembly. And the Karnataka Legislative Council has 75 members. Vidhan Sabha Bhavan is situated in Bengaluru Urban district and the winter session is conducted in Suvarna Vidhan Sabha in Belagavi district. Chief Electoral Officer (CEO) of Karnataka The Chief Electoral Officer of Karnataka is Shri Manoj Kumar Meena. He was born on 13.04.1973 and natively belongs to Rajasthan state. He is a 2003 batch, Karnataka cadre Indian Administrative Service officer. He is currently Secretary to Government in House Department Karnataka Government. Tweets and Updates by Karnataka CEO Officers Appointed Additional Chief Electoral Officers: ● Shri. Venkatesh Kumar R. ● Joint Chief Electoral Officer (Electoral Rolls) - Shri. D. Shambhu Bhat ● Joint Chief Electoral Officer (EVM) - Shri. V. Raghavendra ● Joint Chief Electoral Officer (Admin) - Shri. H. Jnanesh ● Deputy Chief Electoral Officer - Shri. K.M. Pranesh ● Deputy Chief Electoral Officer - Smt. Vandana Bhat S.A

Gives λ = 242 n m = 242 × 10 − 9 m From planck's theory , we have E = h v = h c λ or E = 6.63 × 3 × 10 8 242 × 10 − 9 J = 6.63 × 3 × 10 − 17 242 = 8.21 × 10 − 19 J Ionisation potential of Na = N A × E (where N A is Avogadro's number) = 6.022 × 10 23 × 8.21 × 10 − 19 J m o l − 1 = 494.5 k J m o l − 1