Tissue present in the brain

• It receives information from the inner ear's balance system, sensory nerves, and auditory and visual systems. It is involved in the coordination of movements as well as motor learning. • It is also associated with motor movement and control, but this is not because the motor commands originate here. Instead, the cerebellum modifies these signals and makes motor movements accurate and useful. • The cerebellum helps control posture, balance, and the coordination of voluntary movements. This allows different muscle groups to act together and produce coordinated fluid movement. • In addition to playing an essential role in motor control, the cerebellum is also important in certain cognitive functions, including speech. The Amygdala The amygdala is a cluster of nuclei located close to the base of the brain. It is primarily involved in functions including memory, emotion, and the body's The structure processes external stimuli and then relays that information to the hippocampus, which can then prompt a response to deal with outside threats. The Thalamus Located above the brainstem, the thalamus processes and transmits movement and It is essentially a relay station, taking in sensory information and then passing it on to the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex also sends information to the thalamus, which then sends this information to other systems. The Hippocampus The hippocampus is a structure located in the temporal lobe. It is important in memory and learning and is somet...

Brain lesions are areas of brain tissue that show damage from injury or disease. The most common way to detect brain lesions is with diagnostic imaging scans. Depending on the cause, some types of brain lesions will heal on their own or are treatable. However, some brain lesions are permanent or happen for reasons that can’t be treated or cured. Overview Brain lesions are “visible” evidence of damage to part of your brain. The most common way to “see” them is with medical imaging scans. What are brain lesions? Brain lesions are areas of damaged brain tissue. This kind of damage happens because of brain injuries or medical conditions. A stroke, for example, is a type of brain lesion. Lesions can disrupt the way your brain works, causing a wide range of symptoms, such as weakness, disruption of one or more senses and confusion. How do brain lesions affect the brain? When it comes to your brain, communication is everything. Your brain uses electrical and chemical signals to communicate inside your brain itself and with areas throughout your body. When you have a brain lesion, the damage can disrupt communication in the affected brain area(s). The more severe the damage, the greater the disruption. How lesions affect different areas of the brain Different areas of your brain control different processes and functions, so the symptoms of brain lesions vary depending on their location. A neurologist or other healthcare provider uses your symptoms to locate where the problem is wi...

Brain tumor A brain tumor can form in the brain cells (as shown), or it can begin elsewhere and spread to the brain. As the tumor grows, it creates pressure on and changes the function of surrounding brain tissue, which causes signs and symptoms such as headaches, nausea and balance problems. A brain tumor is a growth of cells in the brain or near it. Brain tumors can happen in the brain tissue. Brain tumors also can happen near the brain tissue. Nearby locations include nerves, the pituitary gland, the pineal gland, and the membranes that cover the surface of the brain. Brain tumors can begin in the brain. These are called primary brain tumors. Sometimes, cancer spreads to the brain from other parts of the body. These tumors are secondary brain tumors, also called metastatic brain tumors. Many different types of primary brain tumors exist. Some brain tumors aren't cancerous. These are called noncancerous brain tumors or benign brain tumors. Noncancerous brain tumors may grow over time and press on the brain tissue. Other brain tumors are brain cancers, also called malignant brain tumors. Brain cancers may grow quickly. The cancer cells can invade and destroy the brain tissue. Brain tumors range in size from very small to very large. Some brain tumors are found when they are very small because they cause symptoms that you notice right away. Other brain tumors grow very large before they're found. Some parts of the brain are less active than others. If a brain tumor starts ...

This section provides comprehensive spatial profiling of the Brain, including overview of protein expression in the mammalian brain based on integration of data from human, pig and mouse. Transcriptomics data combined with affinity-based protein in situ localization down to single cell detail is available in this brain-centric sub atlas of the Human Protein Atlas. The data presented are for human genes and their one-to-one orthologues in pig and mouse. Gene summary pages provide the hierarchical expression landscape form 13 main regions of the brain to individual nuclei and subfields for every protein coding gene. For selected proteins, high content images are available to explore the cellular and subcellular protein distribution. In addition, the Brain section contains lists of genes with elevated expression in one or a group of regions to help the user identify unique protein expression profiles linked to physiology and function. More information about the specific content and the generation and analysis of the data in this section can be found on the Learn about: • Expression levels for all human proteins in regions and subregions of the human brain • Expression levels for all proteins with human orthologs in regions and subregions of the pig and mouse brain • Brain enriched genes with higher expression in any of the regions of the brain compared to peripheral organs • Regional enriched genes with higher expression in a single or few regions of the brain • Cell-type and...

The brain connects to the spine and is part of the central nervous system (CNS). The various parts of the brain are responsible for personality, movement, breathing, and other crucial processes that keep people alive. An average adult brain weighs The brain is made up of three main parts, which are the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. Each of these has a unique function and is made up of several parts as well. Keep reading to learn more about the different parts of the brain, the processes they control, and how they all work together. This article also looks at some ways of maintaining a healthy brain. Share on Pinterest Andriy Onufriyenko/Getty Images The brain is the command center that controls the nervous system. When people damage different parts of the brain, they A traumatic brain injury or stroke are Doctors will carry out many tests before reaching a diagnosis of brain death. Brain death is a traumatic experience for everyone involved. It can be particularly difficult to come to terms with the diagnosis, especially if a person can see their loved one breathing and showing signs of life. The brain is composed of The brain sends chemical and electrical signals throughout the body to regulate different biological functions and sense environmental changes. The brain communicates with the majority of the body through the spinal cord. To do this, it uses The cerebrum is the front part of the brain and includes the cerebral cortex. This part of the brain is responsi...

More • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Nervous Tissue Cells are the structural and functional units of living organisms. They carry out basic functionalities of our body. A cluster of these specialized cells functions together to form a tissue. Plants and animals have different tissues. In animals, there are four types of tissues namely: • Connective Tissue • Epithelial Tissue • Muscular tissue • Nervous Tissue Let us have a detailed overview on nervous tissue, its structure and function. Table of Contents • • • • • • • Structure Of Nervous Tissue • It is made of nerve cells or neurons, all of which consists of an axon. Axons are long stem-like projections emerging out of the cell, responsible for communicating with other cells called the Target cells, thereby passing impulses • The main part is the cell...

Your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see, hear, and smell what’s around you – depends on your nervous system. So does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you’ve been there before. In fact, your very capacity to wonder how you know where you are depends on your nervous system! If your perceptions indicate danger (“Oh no, the house is on fire!”), your ability to act on that information also depends on your nervous system. In addition to letting you consciously process the threat, your nervous system triggers involuntary responses, like an increase in heart rate and blood flow to your muscles, intended to help you cope with danger. All of these processes depend on the interconnected cells that make up your nervous system. Like the heart, lungs, and stomach, the nervous system is made up of specialized cells. These include nerve cells (or neurons) and glial cells (or glia). Neurons are the basic functional units of the nervous system, and they generate electrical signals called action potentials, which allow them to quickly transmit information over long distances. Glia are also essential to nervous system function, but they work mostly by supporting the neurons. The cell bodies of some PNS neurons, such as the motor neurons that control skeletal muscle (the type of muscle found in your arm or leg), are located in the CNS. These motor neurons have long extensions (axons) that run from the CNS all the way to the muscles they connect with (inner...

Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Identify the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system • Relate the functional and structural differences between gray matter and white matter structures of the nervous system to the structure of neurons • List the basic functions of the nervous system The picture you have in your mind of the nervous system probably includes the brain, the nervous tissue contained within the cranium, and the spinal cord, the extension of nervous tissue within the vertebral column. That suggests it is made of two organs—and you may not even think of the spinal cord as an organ—but the nervous system is a very complex structure. Within the brain, many different and separate regions are responsible for many different and separate functions. It is as if the nervous system is composed of many organs that all look similar and can only be differentiated using tools such as the microscope or electrophysiology. In comparison, it is easy to see that the stomach is different than the esophagus or the liver, so you can imagine the digestive system as a collection of specific organs. The structures of the PNS are referred to as ganglia and nerves, which can be seen as distinct structures. The equivalent structures in the CNS are not obvious from this overall perspective and are best examined in prepared tissue under the microscope. Nervous tissue, present in both the CNS and PNS, contains two basic types of cells: ne...

Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Identify the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system • Relate the functional and structural differences between gray matter and white matter structures of the nervous system to the structure of neurons • List the basic functions of the nervous system The picture you have in your mind of the nervous system probably includes the brain, the nervous tissue contained within the cranium, and the spinal cord, the extension of nervous tissue within the vertebral column. That suggests it is made of two organs—and you may not even think of the spinal cord as an organ—but the nervous system is a very complex structure. Within the brain, many different and separate regions are responsible for many different and separate functions. It is as if the nervous system is composed of many organs that all look similar and can only be differentiated using tools such as the microscope or electrophysiology. In comparison, it is easy to see that the stomach is different than the esophagus or the liver, so you can imagine the digestive system as a collection of specific organs. The structures of the PNS are referred to as ganglia and nerves, which can be seen as distinct structures. The equivalent structures in the CNS are not obvious from this overall perspective and are best examined in prepared tissue under the microscope. Nervous tissue, present in both the CNS and PNS, contains two basic types of cells: ne...

This section provides comprehensive spatial profiling of the Brain, including overview of protein expression in the mammalian brain based on integration of data from human, pig and mouse. Transcriptomics data combined with affinity-based protein in situ localization down to single cell detail is available in this brain-centric sub atlas of the Human Protein Atlas. The data presented are for human genes and their one-to-one orthologues in pig and mouse. Gene summary pages provide the hierarchical expression landscape form 13 main regions of the brain to individual nuclei and subfields for every protein coding gene. For selected proteins, high content images are available to explore the cellular and subcellular protein distribution. In addition, the Brain section contains lists of genes with elevated expression in one or a group of regions to help the user identify unique protein expression profiles linked to physiology and function. More information about the specific content and the generation and analysis of the data in this section can be found on the Learn about: • Expression levels for all human proteins in regions and subregions of the human brain • Expression levels for all proteins with human orthologs in regions and subregions of the pig and mouse brain • Brain enriched genes with higher expression in any of the regions of the brain compared to peripheral organs • Regional enriched genes with higher expression in a single or few regions of the brain • Cell-type and...