Transistor definition

The first practical point-contact transistor was built in 1948 by William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter House Brattain. Patents for the concept of a transistor date as far back as 1928 in Germany, though they seem to have never been built, or at least no one ever claimed to have built them. The three physicists received the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for this work. To understand how a transistor works, you have to understand how semiconductors react to an electric potential. Some semiconductors will be n-type, or negative, which means that free electrons in the material drift from a negative electrode (of, say, a battery it's connected to) toward the positive. Other semiconductors will be p-type, in which case the electrons fill "holes" in the atomic electron shells, meaning that it behaves as if a positive particle is moving from the positive electrode to the negative electrode. The type is determined by the atomic structure of the specific semiconductor material. Some consider the transistor to be the greatest single invention of the 20th century since it opened so much in the way of other electronic advancements. Virtually every modern electronic device has a transistor as one of its primary active components. Because they are the building blocks of microchips, computer, phones, and other devices couldn't exist without transistors. • Bipolar junction transistor (BJT) • Field-effect transistor (FET) • Heterojunction bipolar transistor • Unijunction transis...

By • What is a transistor? A transistor is a miniature When working as an amplifier, a transistor transforms a small input Why transistors are important On its own, a transistor has only one circuit element. In small quantities, transistors are used to create simple electronic switches. They are the basic elements in integrated circuits ( In large numbers, transistors are used to create Transistors are also used for low-frequency, high-power applications, such as power-supply inverters that convert alternating current into direct current. Additionally, transistors are used in high-frequency applications, such as the oscillator circuits used to generate radio signals. Transistors greatly benefit electronics and computing. How transistors revolutionized the tech world Invented at Bell Laboratories in 1947, the transistor rapidly replaced the bulky As the size of transistors has exponentially decreased, their cost has fallen, creating many more opportunities to use them. Integrating transistors with Blending transistors and diodes with resistors, capacitors and other components produces integrated circuits. Transistors explained A semiconductor, which conducts electricity in a "semi-enthusiastic" way, falls somewhere between a real conductor like copper and an insulator such as the plastic wrapped around wires). Although most transistors are made from silicon ( Silicon, a chemical element often found in sand, isn't normally a conductor of electricity. A chemical process calle...

A transistor is defined as a semiconductor device that’s fundamentally built with three terminals for amplifying or switching electronic signals and electrical power purposes. Commonly classified into Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT), and Field Effect Transistors (FET), these devices allow for the existence of radios, computers, calculators, etc. that you use today. Well, with modern-day transistors like the BC547, 2n2222, 2n3904, etc. being used in microcontrollers (E.g. Arduino) or electrical circuit building applications, it’s important that we take a deeper look into transistors in today’s blog. Types of Transistor and its circuit symbols Earlier, we’ve mentioned that there are two types of transistors; BJTs and FETs. In this section, we’ll dive deeper into each transistor types and explain how it works. What is BJT (NPN and PNP) and How does it work? Typical BJT Firstly, for BJTs, it comes in two iterations or versions; NPN and PNP BJT, with its circuit symbols as shown below: BJTs: NPN vs PNP circuit symbols As you can see, both NPN and PNP iterations have pins labeled; Collector (C), Base (B), and emitter (E). The difference between the two can be spotted with the arrow direction; where for NPN, the arrow’s exiting the base while for PNP, the arrow’s entering the base. How does BJT Work? Now that we’ve defined what are BJTs, we’ll take a look at how BJTs work with a simple illustration below: For an NPN transistor, it consists of a layer of P-doped semiconductor b...

In small, discrete quantities, transistors can be used to create simple electronic switches, Covered In This Tutorial After reading through this tutorial, we want you to have a broad understanding of how transistors work. We won't dig too deeply into semiconductor physics or equivalent models, but we'll get deep enough into the subject that you'll understand how a transistor can be used as either a switch or amplifier. This tutorial is split into a series of sections, covering: • • • • • There are two types of basic transistor out there: bi-polar junction (BJT) and metal-oxide field-effect (MOSFET). In this tutorial we'll focus on the BJT, because it's slightly easier to understand. Digging even deeper into transistor types, there are actually two versions of the BJT: NPN and PNP. We'll turn our focus even sharper by limiting our early discussion to the NPN. By narrowing our focus down -- getting a solid understanding of the NPN -- it'll be easier to understand the PNP (or MOSFETS, even) by comparing how it differs from the NPN. The only difference between an NPN and PNP is the direction of the arrow on the emitter. The arrow on an NPN points out, and on the PNP it points in. A useful mnemonic for remembering which is which is: NPN: Not Pointing i N Backwards logic, but it works! Transistor Construction Transistors rely on semiconductors to work their magic. A semiconductor is a material that's not quite a pure conductor (like copper wire) but also not an insulator (like a...

Power Transistors We have heard about many devices that operate at high voltage levels. These devices have large electric potential and are the key components in many devices. The basic components of many digital devices are transistors. These transistors are used to amplify and regulate the signals and are made of high-performance semiconductor materials like silicon and germanium. These transistors can regulate and amplify a certain level of voltage and can handle specific ranges of low-level voltages. In order to amplify and regulate high-level voltages, devices known as Power transistors were developed. In 1947, William Shockley, Walter Brattain and John Bardeen invented the first point-contact transistor. In this article, let us study in detail about the power transistors, their characteristics, structure, types and applications. Table of Contents • • • • • • • • • • • What Are Power Transistors? Power transistors are three terminal devices which are composed of semiconductor materials. They feature emitter, base and collector terminals. These devices are particularly designed to control high current – voltage rating. The speciality of this device is when voltage or current is applied to one pair of terminals, it controls the voltage or current at the other pair of terminals. These transistors might be either of NPN or PNP polarity. Power transistors are available in different types with different power and switching speed ratings. Types Of Power Transistors Power t...

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Two companies working together, Texas Instruments of Dallas, and Industrial Development Engineering Associates (I.D.E.A.) of Indianapolis, Indiana, were behind the unveiling of the Raytheon 8-TP-1 [ ] In February 1955, the second transistor radio, the 8-TP-1, was introduced by Following the success of the 8-TP-1, Zenith, RCA, DeWald, Westinghouse, and Crosley began flooding the market with additional transistor radio models. While on a trip to the United States in 1952, [ citation needed] Other Japanese companies soon followed their entry into the American market and the grand total of electronic products exported from Japan in 1958 increased 2.5 times in comparison to 1957. Sony TR-55 [ ] In August 1955, while still a small company, Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation introduced their [ citation needed] Sony TR-63 [ ] The TR-63 was introduced by Sony to the United States in December 1957. The TR-63 was 1⁄ 4in) narrower and 13mm ( 1⁄ 2in) shorter than the original Regency TR-1. Like the TR-1 it was offered in four colors: lemon, green, red, and black. In addition to its smaller size, the TR-63 had a small tuning capacitor and required a new battery design to produce the proper voltage. It used the The TR-63 was the first transistor radio to sell in the millions, leading to the mass-market penetration of transistor radios. The success of transistor radios led to Pricing [ ] Prior to the Regency TR-1, transistors were difficult to produce. Only one in five trans...

Transistors are made of materials like silicon or germanium that are capable of allowing electrical current to flow through them in a controlled manner. The materials of transistors are doped, or “treated,” with impurities to create a structure called a p-n junction. In this case, “p” stands for positive and the “n” stands for negative. These notations refer to the type of dopant atoms (impurities) that have been added to the semiconductor material. The most common type of transistor is the metal-oxide- A transistor consists of three main parts: the emitter, the base and the collector. The emitter serves as the source of electrons, the collector as the drain and the base as the control terminal. More From This Expert How Do Transistors Work? When a small current flows through the base, it controls the flow of a much larger current between the emitter and the collector. This is due to the fact that the base-emitter junction is forward-biased, thereby allowing electrons to flow from the emitter to the base. The base-collector junction is reverse-biased, which means that electrons are prevented from flowing from the base to the collector. However, when a current flows through the base it opens up the base-collector junction and allows electrons to flow from the emitter to the collector. This process allows the base to control the flow of current between the emitter and collector so we may use the transistor in a variety of ways. Typical structure of a transistor consisting of...