Tuberculosis treatments

Bone tuberculosis is a form of tuberculosis that spreads beyond the lungs and affects the bones. Recognizing bone tuberculosis symptoms early is essential for successful treatment. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. The bacteria Other names for bone TB are osteoarticular, musculoskeletal, or skeletal TB. TB is normally preventable and treatable if treatment is started early. However, TB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported Read on to learn more about bone TB, including its causes and risk factors. People with TB in their lungs or throat can transmit the bacteria through their breath. People are People contract TB by breathing in the TB bacteria. The bacteria settle in their lungs or throat and then begin to grow. If the infection then spreads to their bones, it can cause the person to develop bone TB. Bone TB alone is not infectious. If a person has only bone TB, they cannot transmit it to others. However, TB is transmissible if the bacteria are in their lungs or throat as well as their bones. People with weakened immune systems are • • • • silicosis, which is a lung disease caused by breathing in very small silicon particles • • severe • low body mass Certain treatments can also weaken the immune system, such as: • • specialized medications for • People have a Symptoms of bone TB typically come on gradually, sometimes over months or years. Symptoms can • pain and tenderness around the affected...

Overview Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious illness that mainly affects the lungs. The germs that cause tuberculosis are a type of bacteria. Tuberculosis can spread when a person with the illness coughs, sneezes or sings. This can put tiny droplets with the germs into the air. Another person can then breathe in the droplets, and the germs enter the lungs. Tuberculosis spreads easily where people gather in crowds or where people live in crowded conditions. People with HIV/AIDS and other people with weakened immune systems have a higher risk of catching tuberculosis than people with typical immune systems. Drugs called antibiotics can treat tuberculosis. But some forms of the bacteria no longer respond well to treatments. Symptoms When TB germs survive and multiply in the lungs, it is called a TB infection. A TB infection may be in one of three stages. Symptoms are different in each stage. Primary TB infection. The first stage is called the primary infection. Immune system cells find and capture the germs. The immune system may completely destroy the germs. But some captured germs may still survive and multiply. Most people don't have symptoms during a primary infection. Some people may get flu-like symptoms, such as: • Low fever. • Tiredness. • Cough. Latent TB infection. Primary infection is usually followed by the stage called latent TB infection. Immune system cells build a wall around lung tissue with TB germs. The germs can't do any more harm if the immune system keeps the...

What Is Tuberculosis? Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes it. Can tuberculosis be cured? In the 20 th century, TB was a leading cause of death in the United States. Today, most cases are cured with Tuberculosis Types A TB infection doesn’t always mean you’ll get sick. There are two forms of the disease: • Latent TB. You have the germs in your body, but your • Active TB. The germs multiply and make you sick. You can spread the disease to others. Ninety percent of active cases in adults come from a latent TB infection. A latent or active TB infection can also be drug-resistant, meaning certain medications don’t work against the bacteria. Tuberculosis Signs and Symptoms Latent TB doesn’t have symptoms. A Signs of active TB disease include: • A • • • Feeling • • Chills • • Loss of appetite • If you have any of these symptoms, see your doctor to get tested. Get medical help right away if you have chest pain. Tuberculosis Causes Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that spread through the air, just like a Tuberculosis Risk Factors You could be more likely to get TB if: • A friend, co-worker, or family member has active TB. • You live in or have traveled to an area where TB is common, like Russia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. • You’re part of a group in which TB is more likely to spread, or you work or live with someone who is. This includes homeless people, people who have HIV, people in jail or prison, and people who inject drugs into their veins....

Key facts • A total of 1.6 million people died from TB in 2021 (including 187 000 people with HIV). Worldwide, TB is the 13th leading cause of death and the second leading infectious killer after COVID-19 (above HIV and AIDS). • In 2021, an estimated 10.6 million people fell ill with tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. Six million men, 3.4 million women and 1.2 million children. TB is present in all countries and age groups. But TB is curable and preventable. • Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) remains a public health crisis and a health security threat. Only about 1 in 3 people with drug resistant TB accessed treatment in 2021. • An estimated 74 million lives were saved through TB diagnosis and treatment between 2000 and 2021. • US$ 13 billion is needed annually for TB prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care to achieve the global target agreed at the 2018 UN high level-meeting on TB. • Ending the TB epidemic by 2030 is among the health targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Overview Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that most often affects the lungs and is caused by a type of bacteria. It spreads through the air when infected people cough, sneeze or spit. Tuberculosis is preventable and curable. About a quarter of the global population is estimated to have been infected with TB bacteria. About 5–10% of people infected with TB will eventually get symptoms and develop TB disease. Those who are infected but not (yet) ill with the disease cannot...

With the proper treatment, Doctors prescribe Treatment for Latent TB There are two types of TB -- latent and active. Depending on your risk factors, latent TB can re-activate and cause an active infection. That’s why your doctor might prescribe medication to kill the inactive bacteria -- just in case. These are the three treatment options: • • • Isoniazid and Treatment for Active TB If you have this form of the disease, you’ll need to take a number of antibiotics for 6 to 9 months. These four medications are most commonly used to treat it: • • Isoniazid • • Rifampin Your doctor may order a test that shows which antibiotics will kill the TB You’ll probably start to feel better after a few weeks of treatment. But only a doctor can tell you if you’re still contagious. If you’re not, you may be able to go back to your daily routine. Treatment for Drug-Resistant TB If you have a TB strain that doesn’t respond to the usual medications used to treat TB, you have a drug-resistant strain. This means that you will be treated with a combination of second-line drugs, which may be less effective. You will need to take these drugs for a longer period of time. If several types of medications don't do the job, you have what doctors call “multidrug-resistant TB.” You’ll need to take a combination of medications for 20 to 30 months. They include: • Antibiotics called fluoroquinolones • An injectable antibiotic, such as • Newer antibiotic treatments, such as A rare and serious type of the di...

Every year, 10 million people fall ill with tuberculosis (TB). Despite being a preventable and curable disease, 1.5 million people die from TB each year. TB is the leading cause of death of people with HIV and also a major contributor to antimicrobial resistance. TB disease is curable. It is treated by a standardized course of treatment usually including 4 antibacterial medicines. In some cases the TB bacteria does not respond to the standard drugs. In this case, the patient has drug-resistant TB. Treatment for drug-resistant TB is longer and more complex. In order to provide Member States with the most up-to-date and accurate recommendations on the treatment of tuberculosis, WHO, through its various expert groups, regularly reviews evidence on current and new treatments to ensure that its recommendations are based on the most recent evidence. WHO also supports Member States to translate these recommendations into national policies as well as to ensure their effective implementation.

How Is Latent TB Treated? If you have become infected with TB, but do not have the active TB disease you should getpreventive therapy. This treatment kills germs that could cause problems if the disease becomes active. The most common preventive therapy is a daily dose of the antibiotic isoniazid (INH) taken as a single daily pill for six to nine months. You are not contagious if you have latent TB. How Is Active TB Treated? If you have an active TB disease you will probably be treated with a combination of antibacterial medications for a period of six to 12 months. The most common treatment for active TB is isoniazid INH in combination with three other drugs—rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. You may begin to feel better only a few weeks after starting to take the drugs but treating TB takes much longer than other bacterial infections. You must continue taking your medication as prescribed for the entire time your doctor indicates or you could get sick again, have a harder time fighting the disease in the future and spread the disease to others. Not completing your entire course of medication could also contribute to drug-resistant TB. Drug-Resistant TB Drug-resistant TB means that some drugs initially used to treat TB will no longer be able to fight the TB germs in your body. TB that is resistant to more than one drug, called multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) is very dangerous. The treatment for this type of TB takes much longer, 20 to 30 months to complete, and you ma...