Tuberculosis upsc

For Prelims: TB-free by 2025, WHO, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, World TB Report 2022, Nikshay Poshan Yojna, DBT. For Mains: World Tuberculosis Day 2023. Why in News? th March every year to spread awareness about the disease and how best to combat it. • India aims to make the nation TB-free by 2025, whereas the Global Target for TB elimination is 2030. • Theme for 2023: Yes! We can end TB! Why is World TB Day Observed and What is its Significance? • On this day in 1882, Dr. Robert Koch announced the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes TB, and his discovery opened the way towards diagnosing and curing this disease. • Even today TB is one of the world's deadliest infectious killers. As per WHO (World Health Organisation), every day, over 4100 people lose their lives to TB and about 28,000 people fall ill with this disease. Deaths from tuberculosis have risen in 2020 for the first time in more than a decade. • According to the WHO, in 2020, around 9,900,000 people fell ill with TB and died, around 1,500,000. Since the year 2000, 66,000,000 lives have been saved by efforts taken globally to end TB. • India accounts for roughly 28% of TB cases in the world, as per the Global TB Report 2022. • Therefore, World TB Day is observed to educate people around the world about the disease TB and its impact. What is Tuberculosis? • About: • Tuberculosis is an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It can practically affect any organ of the body. The most common one...

With India setting the target of eliminating tuberculosis by 2025, five years ahead of the global target, scientists are rushing to test newer vaccines and shorter courses of treatment, the government is focusing on active case finding, entrepreneurs have helped increase testing capacity, and the community at large has come forward to provide nutritional support to patients. On World TB Day 2023, Prime Minister Narendra Modi will Explained | How many TB cases are detected each year in India? Although India continues to be the largest contributor to global TB cases, there has been a decline in the number of cases in 2021. Reporting of TB cases also improved in 2021 – although it didn’t reach the pre-pandemic levels, it bounced back from the lows seen during the first year of the pandemic, according to the Global TB Report 2022. The incidence of TB – new cases detected through the year – reduced by 18% in 2021 over the 2015 baseline, dropping to 210 cases per lakh population as compared to 256 cases per lakh population. The incidence of drug-resistant TB also went down by 20% during the period from 1.49 lakh cases in 2015 to 1.19 lakh cases in 2021. India accounts for 28% of all TB cases in the world, according to the Global TB Report 2022. There were 21.3 lakh cases detected in 2021 as compared to 18.05 lakh cases in 2020. The numbers are still lower than the 24.04 lakh cases reported before the pandemic in 2019, according to data from the government’s Ni-kshay portal that ...

The National Tuberculosis Institute owes its origin to the findings of a 1955-58 survey conducted by the Avalon, donated by the then [ citation needed] The Institute has, ever since, been active in research projects and studies and has been successful in formulating a TB Control Program for the country which incorporates the clinical, epidemiological and sociological aspects of the disease. It is involved in activities such as training of medical and paramedical staff and personnel across the country, formulating policies and programs in accordance with the WHO recommended [ citation needed] The Institute was accredited as a WHO Collaborating Centre for TB research and training in 1985. [ citation needed] Programs [ ] Training programs [ ] Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially fatal contagious disease that can affect almost any part of the body but is mainly an infection of the lungs. It is caused by a bacterial The primary activity of the Training Department of the Institute is to train the medical and Training of Trainers (TOT), is a two-week course, open to medical and paramedical personnel in the District Medical Centres and medical colleges. • State TB Training and Demonstration Centre (STDC) • • Training for Program Managers: Two week program for the Senior TB Officers (STO) and the Medical Officers (MO) aimed at developing the managerial and computer skills. • Post graduate Training: 10-day program for the master's degree students in Community Medicine, Chest Medicine ...

The WHO Global Tuberculosis Programme works towards the goal of a world free of TB, with zero deaths, disease and suffering due to the disease. The team’s mission is to lead and guide the global effort to end the TB epidemic through universal access to people-centred prevention and care, multisectoral action and innovation. 1997- 2022 The data in the report is updated annually. The current year's report supersedes all previous reports. Please note that direct comparisons between estimates of TB disease burden in the latest report and previous reports are not appropriate. The most recent time-series of estimates are published in the 2022 Global TB Report and on the

• About us • • • • • • • Prelims • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Practice Quiz • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Mains & Interview • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Current Affairs • • • • • • • • • Drishti Specials • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Test Series • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • State PCS • • • • • • • • • Videos • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Quick Links Tags: • • • • Why in News Centenary celebration is being observed for the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which is presently the sole vaccine available for the prevention of Tuberculosis (TB). Key Points • About: • TB is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis, belonging to the Mycobacteriaceae family consisting of about 200 members. • Some of Mycobacteria cause diseases like TB and Leprosy in humans and others infect a wide range of animals. • In humans, TB most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB), but it can also affect other organs (extra-pulmonary TB). • TB is a very ancient disease and has been documented to have existed in Egypt as early as 3000 BC. • TB is a treatable and curable disease. • Transmission: • TB is spread from person to person through the air. When people with lung TB cough, sneeze or spit, they propel the TB germs into the air. • Symptoms: • Common symptoms of active lung TB are cough with sputum and blood at times, chest pains, weakness, weight loss, fever and night sweats. • Global Impact o...

• • • • • • • • UPSC CSE Prelims 2023 Result Out Now. • CSE Prelims 2023 Analysis and Discussion. • CSE 2023 Prelims Question Paper and Answer Key. To Download. • For Current Affairs Magazine Yearly Subscription. • NEXTIAS is now at BHOPAL. • GS: First Step - NCERT Based Course for IAS after Class 10+2. • Important Contact Numbers and Email Addresses. In News • Recently , the Indian Patent Office rejected Johnson & Johnson’s attempt to extend its monopoly on manufacturing Bedaquiline in India. About • Bedaquiline is an oral medicatio n used to treat active tuberculosis. it is particularly used to treat multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) • It has a unique mechanism of action, targeting the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase enzyme of the TB mycobacteria. J&J Patent • Bedaquiline is central to WHO ­recommended TB treatment regimens for which Johnson and Johnson holds patent . • J&J filed with the Indian patent office for evergreening of its patent on fumarate salt (a formulation salt of Bedaquiline) , This was challenged by TB survivors Nandita Venkatesan and Phumeza Tisile. • Evergreening is a strategy to extend the life of patents about to expire in order to retain revenues from them by making multiple claims in its applications for patent extensions. • Indian Patent Office has rejected Johnson & Johnson’s attempt to extend its monopoly stating that the invention claimed was obvious and does not involve any inventive step , and is therefore non-patentable under ...