Types of biodiversity

\( \newcommand\) Alpha, beta and gamma diversity for hypothetical species of birds in three different ecosystems Glossary Ecosystem a community plus the physical environment that it occupies at a given time Alpha diversity the diversity within a particular area or ecosystem; usually expressed by the number of species (i.e., species richness) in that ecosystem Beta diversity a comparison of of diversity between ecosystems, usually measured as the amount of species change between the ecosystems Gamma diversity a measure of the overall diversity within a large region. Geographic-scale species diversity according to Hunter (2002: 448)

What is Biodiversity Conservation? Biodiversity conservation is the protection and management of biodiversity to obtain resources for sustainable development. Biodiversity conservation has three main objectives: • To preserve the diversity of species. • Sustainable utilization of species and ecosystem. • To maintain life-supporting systems and essential ecological processes. Also Read:Â Let us have a detailed look at biodiversity and its conservation notes to explore the strategies and concepts of biodiversity conservation. In-situ Conservation In-situ conservation of biodiversity is the conservation of species within their natural habitat. In this method, the natural ecosystem is maintained and protected. The in-situ conservation has several advantages. Following are the important advantages of in-situ conservation: • It is a cost-effective and convenient method of conserving biodiversity. • A large number of living organisms can be conserved simultaneously. • Since the organisms are in a natural ecosystem, they can evolve better and can easily adjust to different environmental conditions. Certain protected areas where in-situ conservation takes place include national parks, National Parks These are small reserves maintained by the government. Its boundaries are well demarcated and human activities such as grazing, forestry, habitat and cultivation are prohibited. For eg., Kanha National Park, and Bandipur National Park. Wildlife Sanctuaries These are the regions where on...

Biodiversity includes not only species we consider rare, threatened, or endangered but also every living thing—from humans to organisms we know little about, such as microbes, fungi, and invertebrates. At the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, we include humans and human cultural diversity as a part of biodiversity. We use the term “biocultural” to describe the dynamic, continually evolving and interconnected nature of people and place, and the notion that social and biological dimensions are interrelated. This concept recognizes that human use, knowledge, and beliefs influence, and in turn are influenced, by the ecological systems of which human communities are a part. This relationship makes all of biodiversity, including the species, land and seascapes, and the cultural links to the places where we live—be right where we are or in distant lands—important to our wellbeing as they all play a role in maintaining a diverse and healthy planet. Why Is Biodiversity Important? Biodiversity is important to most aspects of our lives. We value biodiversity for many reasons, some utilitarian, some intrinsic. This means we value biodiversity both for what it provides to humans, and for the value it has in its own right. Utilitarian values include the many basic needs humans obtain from biodiversity such as food, fuel, shelter, and medicine. Further, ecosystems provide crucial services such as pollination, seed dispersal, climate regulation, water purification, nutrient cyclin...

Biodiversity is often measured as the species count in a given area, be it a single tree, an ecosystem, a landscape or region, or the planet as a whole. However, biodiversity may be measured in other ways. BIODIVERSITY MAY BE MEASURED AS GENETIC DIVERSITY. Genetic diversity is the total variety of genes within a single species. We know that species are made up of a number of different individuals, and each individual is made up of thousands of individual genes. Pooling all of the genes in a species gives you a measure of the genetic variety of the species. BIODIVERSITY MAY BE MEASURED AS THE DIVERSITY OF A REGION’S ENDEMIC SPECIES. Endemic species are restricted to one location; they do not occur anywhere else in the world. Several examples of endemic species exist, including Hawaiian honeycreepers (which are endemic to Hawaii), Javan rhinoceroses (which live on the Indonesian island of Java), and marine iguanas (which are found only in the Galapagos Islands). Endemic species have relatively small ranges, and they tend to be much more vulnerable to human activity than are more widely distributed species, because it is easier to destroy all the habitat in a small geographic range than in a large one. Thus, the presence of endemic species in an area provides additional insight into the area’s ecological quality or value. BIODIVERSITY MAY BE MEASURED AS ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY. A region, whether it is a landscape, a country, or a large swath of a continent, may be dominated by on...

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • • Genetic diversity, ecosystem diversity, and human-derived diversity are measures of biodiversity that currently define life on earth. Key Points • A genus with a high variety of species will have more genetic diversity; the most genetically-diverse species will have the greatest potential for evolution and preservation. • The loss of ecosystem diversity results in the loss of interactions between species, unique features of co-adaptation, and biological productivity. • Human-generated species diversity has decreased due to migration, market forces, and agriculture. • Humans have only been able to estimate the number of species that inhabit the earth; this estimate accounts for about 20 percent of predicted species on the planet. • Humans have only been able to estimate the number of species that inhabit Earth; this estimate only accounts for 20 percent of predicted species on the planet. Types of Biodiversity Scientists generally accept that the term biodiversity describes the number and kinds of species in a location or on the planet. Species can be difficult to define, but most biologists still feel comfortable with the concept and are able to identify and count eukaryotic species in most contexts. Biologists have also identified alternate measures of biodiversity, some of which are important for planning how to preserve biodiversity. Genetic diversity is one of those alternate concepts. Genetic diversity or variation is the raw material ...

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • Types of Biodiversity Scientists generally accept that the term biodiversity describes the number and kinds of species in a location or on the planet. Species can be difficult to define, but most biologists still feel comfortable with the concept and are able to identify and count eukaryotic species in most contexts. Biologists have also identified alternate measures of biodiversity, some of which are important for planning how to preserve biodiversity. Genetic diversity is one of those alternate concepts. Genetic diversity or variation is the raw material for adaptation in a species. A species’ future potential for adaptation depends on the genetic diversity held in the genomes of the individuals in populations that make up the species. The same is true for higher taxonomic categories. A genus with very different types of species will have more genetic diversity than a genus with species that look alike and have similar ecologies. If there were a choice between one of these genera of species being preserved, the one with the greatest potential for subsequent evolution is the most genetically-diverse one. It would be ideal not to have to make such choices, but, increasingly, this may be the norm. Many genes code for proteins, which in turn carry out the metabolic processes that keep organisms alive and reproducing. Genetic diversity can be measured as chemical diversity in that different species produce a variety of chemicals in their cells, both...

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