Udp full form in biochemistry

Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid The reaction of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA) with an aglycone, in many cases, a xenobiotic. From: Dictionary of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2015 Related terms: • Bilirubin • Lysozyme • Uridine Diphosphate • Glucuronide • Glucuronic Acid • Glucuronosyltransferase • Uridine Diphosphate Glucose • Nested Gene • Galactose • Glucuronidation Anne-Christine Macherey, Patrick M. Dansette, in The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry (Fourth Edition), 2015 1Glucuronic acid Conjugation This substitution involves the transfer of a glucuronic acid from uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA) to a functional group in the xenobiotic substrate. The group may be a hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, or an amino or sulfur functional group. Most glucuronides are not implicated in toxicity. However, acyl-glucuronide can rearrange in acidic medium and lead to reactive intermediates that have been implicated in toxicity of profens and diclofenac [42,43]. Aromatic amines may be converted in the liver into hydroxylamine O-glucuronides, which are excreted in the urine and broken down in the bladder (if its pH is acidic) to liberate the proximate hydroxylamine carcinogen. Anne-Christine Macherey, Patrick M. Dansette, in The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry (Second Edition), 2003 DSubstitutions: hydrolysis and conjugation Among substitution reactions, ester and amide hydrolyses are of common occurrence, and often operate during detoxication processes. In additi...

Glucose 1-Phosphate G1P is esterified with uridine triphosphate (UTP) to produce UDP-glucose and pyrophosphate. From: Elsevier's Integrated Biochemistry, 2007 Related terms: • Anabolism • Phosphoglucomutase • Lysozyme • Glucose 6-Phosphate • Phosphorylase • Nested Gene • Galactose • Phosphate • Sucrose Key Points About Glycogen Metabolism ▪ Glycogen synthesis and degradation flow through G1P, which is in equilibrium with G6P. ▪ The D form of glycogen synthase can react quickly to sudden changes in blood glucose; it is allosterically activated by G6P. ▪ The highly branched structure of glycogen allows for rapid release of glucose, since phosphorylase acts on the end terminal residues. ▪ In addition to its role as a precursor for glycogen synthesis, UDP-glucose helps detoxify waste products and drugs. ▪ Two high-energy bonds are consumed for each glucose stored in glycogen. ▪ cAMP-directed phosphorylation has reciprocal regulatory effects on glycogen synthase (inhibition) and phosphorylase (activation). Antonio Blanco, Gustavo Blanco M.D. and Ph.D., in Medical Biochemistry (Second Edition), 2022 Regulation of glycogen synthesis and degradation With glucose-1-phosphate as the initial substrate, glycogen synthesis consumes 1mol of ATP per mole of glucose incorporated into glycogen. ATP is needed to regenerate UTP that is produced from UDP during glycogen synthesis. Glycogenolysis produces glucose-1-phosphate and no energy. If there was no control of the enzymes needed for synt...

Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Reglucosylation by UGGT initiates interaction with calnexin and transfer to ER degradation enhancing α-mannosidase-like protein that leads to retrotranslocation to the cytosol and degradation by the proteasome. From: Comprehensive Biotechnology (Third Edition), 2011 Related terms: • Uridine • Anabolism • Lysozyme • Uridine Diphosphate • Synthase • Glycosyltransferase • Nested Gene • Galactose • Phosphate • Cellulose JOHN ESBEN KIRK, in Enzymes of the Arterial Wall, 1969 Analytical Procedure The uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase determinations were conducted (Kirk, unpublished data) at 37°C using a Beckman DU spectrophotometer with thermospacer equipment. The final millimolar concentrations employed (total volume, 3.25 ml) were: uridine diphosphate glucose, 0.30; magnesium chloride, 4.0; cysteine (neutralized), 0.65; sodium pyrophosphate, 1.0; NADP, 0.2; and tris buffer, pH 7.2, 40.0; 50 μg phosphoglucomutase and 10 µg glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were used in the tests. All the reagents were obtained from the Boehringer-Mannheim Co., New York. The cysteine solution was prepared fresh daily. A quantity of tissue homogenate (supernatant of centrifuged sample) equivalent to 10 or 20 mg fresh tissue was used in the assays. The tissue was preincubated with UDPG, magnesium chloride, cysteine, NADP, and the 2 pure commercial enzymes in tris buffer in a silica cuvette. Readings were made at 340 mμ at 2-minute intervals until changes in ...