What is diaphragm

DIAPHRAGM DIAPHRAGM is horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements. The term “diaphragm” includes horizontal bracing systems. There are two popular types of diaphragm namely rigid diaphragm and semi-rigid Diaphragm. The RIGID DIAPHRAGM can rotate and it can translate, but cannot deform. The lateral forces will be distributed & redistributed at the subsequent levels based upon the relative stiffness of all the members resisting lateral loads at each level. When applied in software, the beam in the lateral system had no axial force. The SEMI-RIGID DIAPHRAGM used mainly for defines the wind load and give the building the ability to behave as its actual behavior. The behavior of horizontal diaphragms is comparable or similar to the behavior of a simply supported, uniformly loaded deep beam as shown in the shearwall below. The diaphragm resists the bending moment through perimeter elements known as chords. • The chord forces, which are axial in nature, are the result of resolving the internal bending moment into a force couple with a moment arm of dimension “b”. • M=C x b or C = T = M / b • In our building, the shear wall horizontal perimeter functions as the chord. In an all-concrete building, the top plate of the shear wall serves as the chord element. Internal shear is carried by the slabs. • In horizontal diaphragms, shear has been found to be nearly uniform across the depth, b. • It is convenient to express th...

Plication of the diaphragm is a surgical procedure that has been performed since the 1920s for the treatment of diaphragmatic paralysis. [ The goal of diaphragm plication is to flatten the dome of the diaphragm, providing the lung with greater volume for expansion. Since its original description, diaphragm plication has been performed with numerous modifications, including the minimally invasive video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) approach. [ [ Diaphragm plication is appropriate for pediatric and adult patients with symptomatic diaphragmatic paralysis who have failed conservative management and have not exhibited spontaneous signs of improvement. There are instances when diaphragmatic paralysis is temporary; over the course of weeks to months, the injury may reverse itself, ultimately resulting in a return of normal diaphragm function. However, if there are no signs of spontaneous improvement over a 6- to 12-month period, then the injury is likely permanent. A proper assessment of the muscle paralysis will determine if diaphragm plication is the most appropriate treatment option. Typically, this applies to patients with severe neuromuscular injuries who demonstrate complete loss of diaphragm motor units, making reinnervation difficult or impossible. Furthermore, complete loss of diaphragmatic innervation from the phrenic nerve will prevent successful diaphragm pacing. A comprehensive electrodiagnostic assessment of the phrenic nerve and diaphragm will usually provide th...

Kandace Halat Kandace Halat has taught all levels of high school Biology over the last 8 years. She has a B.S. in Biology Secondary Education from The College of New Jersey and an M.A. in Educational Leadership from Montclair State University. She also has certifications in STEM Education from NASA's Endeavor Program in conjunction with the Teachers College at Columbia University and Instructional Strategies from Augustana University. • Instructor The primary function of the diaphragm is to allow respiration to occur (inhale oxygen, exhale carbon dioxide from the lungs). Secondary functions include placing pressure on the esophagus to prevent acid reflux from the stomach and increasing pressure in the abdominal cavity for expelling feces, urine, and vomit. What's a diaphragm, and the diaphragm meaning? The diaphragm definition is a dome-shaped muscle in the abdomen responsible for controlling respiration (inhalation and exhalation). The body diaphragm is composed of skeletal muscle and tendons, which allows it to be voluntarily controlled by the individual when necessary. The muscle contracts to cause the individual to inhale and relaxes to cause the individual to exhale. The diaphragm is fed by the blood supply from the inferior phrenic arteries, so the muscle has a constant supply of sugar and oxygen. The arteries branch off of the abdominal aorta and connect to the underside of the diaphragm. The Diaphragm Take a deep breath in, and now let it out. Guess what? You just ...

The diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle at the base of the lungs, plays an important role in breathing — though you may not be aware of it. When you inhale, your diaphragm contracts (tightens) and moves downward. This creates more space in your chest cavity, allowing the lungs to expand. When you exhale, the opposite happens — your diaphragm relaxes and moves upward in the chest cavity. All of us are born with the knowledge of how to fully engage the diaphragm to take deep, refreshing breaths. As we get older, however, we get out of the habit. Everything from the stresses of everyday life to the practice of "sucking in" the stomach for a trimmer waistline encourages us to gradually shift to shallower, less satisfying "chest breathing." Relearning how to breathe from the diaphragm is beneficial for everyone. Diaphragmatic breathing (also called "abdominal breathing" or "belly breathing") encourages full oxygen exchange — that is, the beneficial trade of incoming oxygen for outgoing carbon dioxide. Not surprisingly, this type of breathing slows the heartbeat and can lower or stabilize blood pressure. But it's especially important for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In COPD, air can become trapped in the lungs, which keeps the diaphragm pressed down. This causes it to weaken and work less efficiently. Diaphragmatic breathing can help people with COPD strengthen the diaphragm, which in turn helps them use less effort and energy to breathe. Here's how to d...

Hiatal hernia A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of your stomach bulges through your diaphragm into your chest cavity. A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of your stomach bulges through the large muscle separating your abdomen and chest (diaphragm). Your diaphragm has a small opening (hiatus) through which your food tube (esophagus) passes before connecting to your stomach. In a hiatal hernia, the stomach pushes up through that opening and into your chest. A small hiatal hernia usually doesn't cause problems. You may never know you have one unless your doctor discovers it when checking for another condition. But a large hiatal hernia can allow food and acid to back up into your esophagus, leading to heartburn. Self-care measures or medications can usually relieve these symptoms. A very large hiatal hernia might require surgery. Symptoms Most small hiatal hernias cause no signs or symptoms. But larger hiatal hernias can cause: • Heartburn • Regurgitation of food or liquids into the mouth • Backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus (acid reflux) • Difficulty swallowing • Chest or abdominal pain • Feeling full soon after you eat • Shortness of breath • Vomiting of blood or passing of black stools, which may indicate gastrointestinal bleeding When to see a doctor See your doctor if you have any persistent signs or symptoms that worry you. There is a problem with information submitted for this request. Review/update the information highlighted below and resubmi...

Overview The esophagus sphincter muscle normally closes tightly. With a hiatal hernia, the sphincter’s new position may keep it from completely closing. The back flow of digestive juices may damage the esophagus. What is a hiatal hernia? A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach pushes through an opening in the diaphragm and into the chest cavity. The diaphragm is the thin muscle wall that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen. The opening in the diaphragm is where the Who is at risk for developing a hiatal hernia? A hiatal hernia can develop in people of all ages and both sexes, although it frequently occurs in people aged 50 and older. Hiatal hernia occurs more often in people with overweight/obesity and smokers. Symptoms and Causes What causes a hiatal hernia? The most common cause of a hiatal • Lower part of the esophagus and stomach. • Small intestine, colon and rectum. • Liver. • Gallbladder, pancreas and spleen. • Kidneys. • Bladder. This pressure can build up from things like: • Coughing. • • Straining during a bowel movement. • Heavy lifting. • Physical strain. There are also other reasons a hiatal hernia could develop. You may experience a hiatal hernia during Increased pressure in the abdomen (arrows) causes part of the stomach to push through the diaphragm and into the chest cavity. What are the symptoms of a hiatal hernia? Many people with a hiatal hernia never have symptoms. Some people with hiatal hernia have some of the same symptoms a...

The diaphragm is a thin skeletal muscle that sits at the base of the chest and separates the abdomen from the chest. It contracts and flattens when you inhale. This creates a vacuum effect that pulls air into the lungs. When you exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and the air is pushed out of lungs. It also has some nonrespiratory functions as well. The diaphragm increases abdominal pressure to help the body get rid of vomit, urine, and feces. It also places pressure on the esophagus to prevent The phrenic nerve, which runs from the neck to the diaphragm, controls the movement of the diaphragm. There are three large openings in the diaphragm that allow certain structures to pass between the chest and the abdomen. These openings include the: • Esophageal opening. The esophagus and • Aortic opening. The • Caval opening. The A range of health conditions can affect or involve the diaphragm. Hiatal hernia A • age-related changes in the diaphragm • injuries or birth defects • chronic pressure on surrounding muscles from coughing, straining, or heavy lifting They’re Small hiatal hernias usually don’t cause any symptoms or require treatment. But a larger hiatal hernia may cause some symptoms, including: • • acid reflux • trouble swallowing • chest pain that sometimes radiates to the back Larger hiatal hernias sometimes require surgical repair, but other cases are usually manageable with over-the-counter Diaphragmatic hernia A Injuries from an accident or surgery can also cause a diaphra...