What is hyperinflation

Prices rose 8.6% between May 2021 and May 2022, the largest 12-month gain in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) since 1981. But the May 2022 CPI report was only the latest in a string of 40-year highs in the different measures of U.S. inflation rates over recent months. The What Is Hyperinflation? Hyperinflation is a rapid spike in extreme Some definitions refer to hyperinflation as “out of control” price increases. In a hyperinflationary environment, you could pay $5 for your morning coffee and $6 for the same cup of joe by the afternoon. “Hyperinflation is a rare occurrence, and historically has only taken place when a confluence of factors collide, like poor monetary policy, corrupt governments and unstable economies,” says Daniel Milan, managing partner at Cornerstone Financial Services. What Causes Hyperinflation? Hyperinflation is caused by a rapid increase in a country’s money supply, typically when a government creates more and more money. As more money becomes available, the value of each individual unit of currency drops and prices rise. “Often you see hyperinflation happen in times of war, which leads to economic turmoil, combined with excessive money printing by a country’s central bank,” Milan says. “This leads to a disconnect in supply and demand economics.” Hyperinflation can also occur when a sudden increase in demand outpaces supply, called demand-pull inflation, or people lose confidence in a country’s monetary system. “In all cases, goods become scarce, ca...

Hyperinflated lungs occur when air gets trapped in the lungs and causes them to overinflate. Hyperinflated lungs can be caused by blockages in the air passages or by air sacs that are less elastic, which interferes with the expulsion of air from the lungs. Hyperinflated lungs are often seen in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) — a disorder that includes emphysema. Certain lung problems, such as asthma and cystic fibrosis, also can cause hyperinflation. • McCormack MD. Dynamic hyperinflation in patients with COPD. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Oct. 8, 2017. • Thomas M, et al. No room to breathe: The importance of lung hyperinflation in COPD. Primary Care Respiratory Journal. 2013;22:101. • O'Donnell DE, et al. Lung hyperinflation in COPD: Applying physiology to clinical practice. COPD Research and Practice. 2015;1:4. • AskMayoExpert. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2016. • Olson EJ (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Oct. 11, 2017.

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Hyperinflated lungs are larger-than-normal lungs as a result of trapped air. It happens when you can’t exhale, or push out all of the air that’s in your Your lungs try to fix this by taking in more and more air. This overinflates, or “hyperinflates,” your lung tissue and makes it less stretchy over time. Eventually, your lung tissue may start to die. Symptoms A hard time Overextension can cause your lungs to be less flexible even when you’re at rest, or not doing anything. That’s called static hyperinflation. You simply may not be able to exhale as much air with each breath. That leaves more air in your lungs before you breathe in again, which slowly over-expands and damages your lungs. Eventually, your muscles and even your ribs might start to stretch and separate to make room for the larger lungs. This can also push on your diaphragm, which might flatten, lose tone, and stop working properly. This makes it even harder to take in and push out air. Causes Anything that limits the flow of air out of your lungs can lead to hyperinflation. The most common culprit is • • • Chronic obstructive asthma: Narrows airways and causes Normal • • Bronchiolitis • • • Diagnosis The doctor will talk to you about your medical history and listen to your chest for any strange sounds. They’ll ask about your symptoms, like whether it’s harder to breathe during certain activities. The doctor may want to test your lung capacity while you Your doctor may also want to do: • X-rays • A • Tests to s...

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• Inflation grew another 0.4% month-over-month in October, bringing annual inflation to 7.7% • As interest rate hikes and rising prices compete, people have begun asking if the U.S. is at risk of hyperinflation • As an investor, proper diversification and asset allocation are keys to handling high inflation Hyperinflation is a sudden, excessively high spike in inflation of at least 50% per month, or 14,000% per year. When hyperinflation hits, you might spend $5 for coffee on Monday and $10 for the same cup on Friday. In extreme cases, daily hyperinflation may exceed 200%. Causes of hyperinflation Hyperinflation typically occurs when several forces combine into a worst-case scenario. Ingredients often include corrupt governments, unstable economies and poor monetary policies. Natural events can also play a role, like long-term droughts that reduce a country’s ability to produce goods or feed itself. As more funds become available, the value of each unit declines and prices rise. Consumers are forced to spend more on the same goods and services as company profits decline. To keep abreast of rising prices, the central bank may kick up production further, feeding into the cycle. Demand-pull inflation Hyperinflation is also caused when demand suddenly and excessively outpaces supply. As goods become scarcer, prices soar in response. Typically, demand-pull hyperinflation follows severe circumstances, such as wars or decades-long droughts, that generate massive supply shortages. ...

Jim Probasco has 30+ years of experience writing for online, print, radio, and television media, including PBS. His expertise includes government programs and policy, retirement planning, insurance, family finance, home ownership and loans. He has a bachelor's from Ohio University and Master's from Wright State University in music education. • Hyperinflation is out-of-control inflation, in which the price of goods and services rises at monthly rate of 50% or an annual rate of 1,000% or more. • Hyperinflation can be caused by an oversupply of paper currency without a corresponding rise in the production of goods and services. • Some people believe the U.S. is headed toward hyperinflation due to past and possible future government stimulus behavior. • Experts, in general, do not believe hyperinflation is likely. Economic Equilibrium and Inflation In the world of economics, When disequilibrium is caused by inflation, prices for goods and services go up, reflecting the imbalance between supply and demand. The net result of inflation is a decline in the purchasing power of your money. Inflation is why an item that costs $1 today might cost $1.25 a year from now. For most people, this is just the way things are. Hyperinflation: Inflation Gone Amuck Hyperinflation is different. Hyperinflation is inflation on steroids. With hyperinflation, that $1 item today might cost $10 or $50 in a year. According to Anders Åslund of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, hyperinfl...

With pulmonary hypertension, the overinflation of the lungs can cause shortness of breath, fatigue, exercise intolerance, and difficulty inhaling. People with chronic hyperinflation have an increased risk of heart failure. Causes The major cause of hyperinflated lungs is COPD, a lung disease characterized by three conditions: COPD is the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension, although it can occur with other lung diseases like asthma, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, and cystic fibrosis. Diagnosis The diagnosis of pulmonary hyperinflation typically involves a physical exam, a review of your medical history, and imaging tests. Depending on the severity of pulmonary hyperinflation, the treatment may involve bronchodilators, breathing exercises, oxygen therapy, and lung-volume reduction surgery. Summary Pulmonary hyperinflation is a condition associated with COPD and other lung diseases which causes them to overinflate. This can lead to shortness of breath, fatigue, difficulty inhaling, and exercise intolerance. Asthma, cystic fibrosis, and bronchiectasis are other possible causes. • Xu Y, Yamashiro T, Moriya H, et al. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017;12:3123-31. doi:10.2147/COPD.S145599 • Hui S, How CH, Tee A. Singapore Med J. 2015;56(4):194-6. doi:10.11622/smedj.2015058 • Cabral LF, D'Elia Tda C, Marins Dde S, Zin WA, Guimarães FS. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2015;51(1):79-88. • Gagnon P, Guenette JA, Langer D, et al. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2014;9:187–201. Ad...