What is photochemical smog

• ClearIAS • What we offer: • Free Resources • Premium Resources • Courses • All Courses • Prelims Programs • Mains Programs • Interview Programs • PCM • Prelims cum Mains: Target 2024 • Prelims cum Mains: Target 2025 • Prelims cum Mains: Target 2026 • Prelims cum Mains: Target 2027 • PTS • UPSC Prelims Test Series 2024 • UPSC PYQ GS • UPSC PYQ CSAT • Study Materials • ClearIAS Blog • FREE Study Materials • Guidance Articles • UPSC Books • UPSC PDFs • ClearIAS Courses • ClearIAS Mobile Apps • UPSC • UPSC • UPSC Syllabus • UPSC Exams • UPSC Results • UPSC FAQs • Toppers • Reviews • UPSC Toppers • What’s New? • Latest Updates • New Courses • Login What is Photochemical Smog? How is it formed? What are its effects and ways of mitigation? Read here to know the answers. Smog is defined as smoke with fog (smoky fog), which is brought on by the burning of a large quantity of coal, vehicle emissions, and industrial fumes which come under the class of primary pollutants. Smoke, Smog is classified into at least two different categories: sulfurous smog and photochemical smog. Table of Contents • • • • • • Sulfurous smog “London smog” is another name for sulfurous haze (because it was first formed in London). Sulfurous smog is created by the use of sulfur-containing fossil fuels, mainly coal (coal being the dominant source of energy in London throughout the nineteenth century), and results from a high concentration of sulfur oxides in the air. Early in the 20th century, coal burning’s...

NOTES-CHAPTER 7: PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG Slide 3 Urbanization in modern time results in high concentration of people, industries and automobiles. One of the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines (yes , the engine of your car) is nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is the precursor of photochemical smog. In the presence of sunlight, photochemical reactions occurs that produce smog. (Photochemical reactions are chemical reactions that involve photons) In highly urbanized cities, if the local climate favors clear weather and the trapping of the smog, then severe air quality problems will result. Slide 4 Three main ingredients of photochemical smog: high automobile traffic volume, plenty of sunlight, and very stable atmosphere. One example of the locations that have all three necessary ingredients is the Los Angeles Basin . Due to the lack of efficient public transportation, residents there depend on their cars. The traffic jam there is no news at all. Los Angeles’ climate is dominated by the Eastern Pacific High – the subsidence above produces compression heating of the air, and the temperature is often higher at a few hundred feet level than at surface – an inversion condition. This is of course an absolutely stable condition. The subsidence not only produces inversion but also clear air. It is hard to form clouds and rain due to the weak vertical motion. Thus sky is clear most of the time—a lot of sunshine !(That’s why Hollywood is a good place for making movies!) The topogra...

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What is ozone? Ozone is a greenhouse gas made of three atoms of oxygen. Ozone can be helpful or harmful depending on where it is located. Stratospheric ozone, found in the upper atmosphere (which begins about 5 miles above Earth's surface), forms a protective layer that helps block ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Because too much UV exposure can lead to vision loss and skin cancers, the global community began to phase out substances that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer when a hole appeared in 1980. Due to these efforts, the Ground-level ozone, on the other hand, is a pollutant and a primary ingredient of smog. It forms when volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, and nitrogen oxides participate in chemical reactions in the presence of sunlight. • VOCs: Carbon-containing compounds that easily evaporate at room temperature and enter the surrounding air. Many VOCs are emitted naturally by plants. Others come from human-made sources, including products such as paints, pesticides, solvents, and processes such as fuel production and combustion. Gas-powered lawn equipment and older-model cars emit particularly high levels of VOCs. Until relatively recently, car emissions were the largest source of VOCs in most cities. However, the • Nitrogen oxides: A family of gases that cause pollution and are harmful to human health. Trucks and automobiles are responsible for about half of all nitrogen oxide emissions, with electric power plants and other industrial sources contrib...

Surely, especially if you live in a big city, more than once you have left the house and you have found that the environment is full of smoke or fog, more or less thick and with a strange and annoying smell. This is known worldwide by its term in English: photochemic to smog , but in Spanish we know it as smog or photochemical smog or, as photochemical mist or fog. To put it simply, it is a type of pollution that affects us a lot. Next, in this AgroCorrn article, we will tell you what photochemical smog is, its causes and consequences , in the environment and in our health, as well as which are the cities that have the highest levels of this pollutant and what possible solutions there are. What is smog and how is it produced? The simplest definition of smog is that it is air pollution that occurs when smog is combined with smoke and other polluting particles that float in the atmosphere, in areas with high levels of pollution. Thus, it can occur when there is fog or mist and the aspect that it has is that the environment is full of smoke, usually with a strange smell and colors that can range from gray to orange or reddish. If you are also wondering how smog is formed, keep in mind that it occurs when various Types of smog There are basically two types of smog: • Industrial or classic smog, which is also known as gray smog or sulfur smog, and is produced mainly by industrial activity. • Photochemical smog. Thus, when faced with the question of what photochemical smog is, w...