What is step up and step down transformer

What is a Transformer? A transformer is an electrical device whose main function is to transmit alternating current between two circuits at a constant value of frequency, but at varying voltage levels. A transformer is constructed by combining two kinds of coil. The first coil carrying the magnetic flux is called the primary coil, while the second coil placed opposite to it, in which electromotive force (E.M.F) is induced is called as the secondary coil. Figure-1 illustrates a standard representation of a transformer. Input voltage at the primary side of the transformer produces the varying magnetic flux on the primary coil. While the varying magnetic flux induces EMF in the secondary coil. Based on the magnitude of voltage carried by the transformer, it is divided into two categories, i.e. step-up transformer and step down transformer, which is discussed in the following sections. The variables shown in Figure-1 above is defined as follows − • N P = Total number of turns in the primary winding, • N S = Total number of turns in the secondary winding, • V P = Voltage applied to the primary winding, • V S = Voltage output from the secondary winding, • I P = Primary winding current, • I S = Secondary winding current, • Φ = Magnetic flux flowing through the transformer core. What is a Step-Up Transformer? A Step-Up Transformer is a kind of transformer which increases the magnitude of output voltage, while keeping a low current magnitude. The secondary winding of the step-up tr...

\( \newcommand\) • So far, we’ve observed simulations of transformers where the primary and secondary windings were of identical inductance, giving approximately equal voltage and current levels in both circuits. Equality of voltage and current between the primary and secondary sides of a transformer, however, is not the norm for all transformers. If the inductances of the two windings are not equal, something interesting happens: Notice how the secondary voltage is approximately ten times less than the primary voltage (0.9962 volts compared to 10 volts), while the secondary current is approximately ten times greater (0.9962 mA compared to 0.09975 mA). What we have here is a device that steps voltage down by a factor of ten and current up by a factor of ten: (Figure below) Turns ratio of 10:1 yields 10:1 primary: secondary voltage ratio and 1:10 primary: secondary current ratio. This is a very useful device, indeed. With it, we can easily multiply or divide voltage and current in AC circuits. Indeed, the transformer has made long-distance transmission of electric power a practical reality, as AC voltage can be “stepped up” and current “stepped down” for reduced wire resistance power losses along power lines connecting generating stations with loads. At either end (both the generator and at the loads), voltage levels are reduced by transformers for safer operation and less expensive equipment. A transformer that increases voltage from primary to secondary (more secondary wi...