What is the range of electromagnetic force

Electromagnetic radiation is one of the many ways that energy travels through space. The heat from a burning fire, the light from the sun, the X-rays used by your doctor, as well as the energy used to cook food in a microwave are all forms of electromagnetic radiation. While these forms of energy might seem quite different from one another, they are related in that they all exhibit wavelike properties. If you’ve ever gone swimming in the ocean, you are already familiar with waves. Waves are simply disturbances in a particular physical medium or a field, resulting in a vibration or oscillation. The swell of a wave in the ocean, and the subsequent dip that follows, is simply a vibration or oscillation of the water at the ocean’s surface. Electromagnetic waves are similar, but they are also distinct in that they actually consist of 2 2 2 2 waves oscillating perpendicular to one another. One of the waves is an oscillating magnetic field; the other is an oscillating electric field. This can be visualized as follows: While it’s good to have a basic understanding of what electromagnetic radiation is, most chemists are less interested in the physics behind this type of energy, and are far more interested in how these waves interact with matter. More specifically, chemists study how different forms of electromagnetic radiation interact with atoms and molecules. From these interactions, a chemist can get information about a molecule’s structure, as well as the types of chemical bond...

Gravity Gravity is the attraction between two objects that have mass or energy, whether this is seen in dropping a rock from a bridge, a planet orbiting a star or the moon causing Isaac Newton was the first to propose the idea of gravity, supposedly inspired by an apple falling from a tree. He described gravity as a literal attraction between two objects. Centuries later, theory of general relativity, that gravity is not an attraction or a force. Instead, it's a consequence of objects bending space-time. A large object works on space-time a bit like how a large ball placed in the middle of a sheet affects that material, deforming it and causing other, smaller objects on the sheet to fall toward the middle. Though gravity holds planets, stars, solar systems and even galaxies together, it turns out to be the weakest of the fundamental forces, especially at the molecular and atomic scales. Think of it this way: How hard is it to lift a ball off the ground? Or to lift your foot? Or to jump? All of those actions are counteracting the gravity of the entire Earth. And at the molecular and atomic levels, gravity has almost no effect relative to the other fundamental forces. Related: There's a giant mystery hiding inside every atom in the universe The weak force The weak force, also called the weak nuclear interaction, is responsible for particle decay. This is the literal change of one type of subatomic particle into another. So, for example, a n eutrino that strays close to a neu...

Electromagnetic Interaction – Electromagnetic Force The electromagnetic force is the force responsible for all electromagnetic processes. It acts between electrically charged particles. It is an infinite-ranged force, much stronger than the gravitational force, and obeys the inverse square law. Still, neither electricity nor magnetism adds up in the way that gravitational force does. Since there are positive and negative charges (poles), these charges tend to cancel each other out. Electromagnetism includes the electrostatic force acting between charged particles at rest and the combined effect of electric and magnetic forces acting between charged particles moving relative to each other. The Photons are gauge bosons with no electric charge or rest mass and one spin unit. Common to all photons is the speed of light, the universal constant of physics. In empty space, the photon moves at c ( the speed of light – 299 792 458 meters per second). Forces between static electrically charged particles are governed by Coulomb’s law. Coulomb’s law can be used to calculate the force between charged particles (e.g., two protons). The electrostatic force is directly proportional to the electrical charges of the two particles and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the particles. Coulomb’s law is stated as the following equation. Coulomb’s law and magnetic force are summarized in the Lorentz force law. Fundamentally, both magnetic and electric forces are manifes...

"So...what is the electromagnetic force?" The electromagnetic force is a special force that affects everything in the universe because (like gravity) it has an infinite range. It has the ability to attract and repel charges. Since material in solid and liquid forms are made of charges having a unique order, they, too, may be manipulated by this force. It is also responsible for giving things strength, shape, and hardness. The electromagnetic force can be generated by three types of fields known as the electrostatic field, magnetostatic field, and the electromagnetic field. Some of Earth's greatest philosophers brilliantly used the concept of field lines to help visualize how one object can be moved by another object without actually touching each other. Wow! . . . Force at a distance! Let's see. . .how does this work? Oh, yes, of course! The field lines for static fields are tied to the sources. Static means that the strength and orientation of the source does not change with time. Static electric fields originate from a positive charge and terminate on a negative charge. Static magnetic fields circulate around moving charge (or charges) sometimes called current. They have no beginning or end; they circulate. Because these fields are tied to sources, when the sources are turned off, the field lines disappear and no force is felt. Did you know that the electromagnetic force is responsible for you to have the ability to hold and move things such as your mouse? The electrosta...

Officials at the Joint Base San Antonio in Lackland, Texas, issued a request for bids to carry out a survey of a facility called the Petroleum, Oil and Lubrication Complex. The survey will identify any equipment that could be vulnerable to an EMP ahead of more detailed vulnerability testing, according to the request. After that, officials would figure out ways to keep that equipment safe in the event of an EMP attack. Related: The 22 weirdest military weapons What is an EMP? An EMP is a massive burst of electromagnetic energy that can occur naturally or be generated deliberately using nuclear weapons. While many experts don't think EMPs pose a big threat, some people argue that these types of weapons could be used to cause widespread disruption to electricity-dependent societies. "You can use a single weapon to collapse the entire North American power grid," said defense analyst Peter Pry, who served on the Congressional EMP Commission, which was set up to assess the threat of EMP attacks but shut down in 2017. "Once the electric grid goes down, everything would collapse," Pry told Live Science. "Everything depends on electricity: telecommunications, transportation, even water." According to the request, the testing at Lackland comes in response to a 2019 executive order issued by then-President Donald Trump for the federal government to strengthen its infrastructure against EMPs. Pry, who has consulted on the project, said the survey and resulting upgrades are part of a b...

Electromagnetic Interaction – Electromagnetic Force The electromagnetic force is the force responsible for all electromagnetic processes. It acts between electrically charged particles. It is an infinite-ranged force, much stronger than the gravitational force, and obeys the inverse square law. Still, neither electricity nor magnetism adds up in the way that gravitational force does. Since there are positive and negative charges (poles), these charges tend to cancel each other out. Electromagnetism includes the electrostatic force acting between charged particles at rest and the combined effect of electric and magnetic forces acting between charged particles moving relative to each other. The Photons are gauge bosons with no electric charge or rest mass and one spin unit. Common to all photons is the speed of light, the universal constant of physics. In space, the photon moves at c ( the speed of light – 299 792 458 meters per second). Forces between static electrically charged particles are governed by Coulomb’s law. Coulomb’s law can be used to calculate the force between charged particles (e.g., two protons). The electrostatic force is directly proportional to the electrical charges of the two particles and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the particles. Coulomb’s law is stated as the following equation. Coulomb’s law and magnetic force are summarized in the Lorentz force law. Fundamentally, both magnetic and electric forces are manifestation...