Which of the following is not a nuclear fuel

Figure 1. An enriched nuclear fuel pellet. Nuclear fuel is the Uranium-235 is used as a fuel in different concentrations. Some reactors, such as the Production Fuel fabrication plants are facilities that convert enriched uranium into fuel for nuclear reactors. For Use When used in a reactor, the fuels used can have a variety of different forms a metal, an alloy, or some sort of oxide. spent or irradiated fuel. After use, the fuel must be cooled for a few years as it is extremely hot. The spent fuel is placed in large, deep pools of For more information on how spent fuel is dealt with, see Fuel Assembly Nuclear reactors are powered by powdered uranium dioxide that has been compressed into small pellets, shown in Figure 1. However, a power plant requires many of these pellets to run. Thus large numbers of these pellets are bundled into a fuel rod. • Wikimedia Commons. (June 17, 2015). Fuel Pellet [Online]. Available: • ↑ BBC Bitesized. (July 6, 2015). Nuclear Fuels [Online]. Available: • ↑ M.Raymond. Nuclear Energy, 6th ed. Burlington, MA, USA: Butterworth-Heinemann, USA, 2009. • ↑ NRC. (July 6, 2015). Nuclear Fuel Fabrication [Online]. Available: • ↑ C.Ferguson. Nuclear Energy: What Everyone Needs to Know, 1st ed. Cary, NC, USA: Oxford University Press, USA, 2011. • ↑ US NRC Glossary. (July 6, 2015). Fuel Rod [Online]. Available: • NEI. (July 6, 2015). Nuclear Fuel Supply [Online]. Available: • Wikimedia Commons. (July 6, 2015). Nuclear Fuel Element [Online]. Available:

Types Of Fuels What is a fuel? According to the law of conservation of energy: Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed; it can only be changed from one form to another. Thus, we cannot produce energy to do certain work. Therefore, we use certain substances which help us to transform one form of energy into another form. For example, when we burn paper with a matchstick, light is produced by the flame. If we analyze this closely, light energy is not created over there, it has just been produced due to the transformation of heat energy provided by the matchstick into light energy. Thus, we always need a certain substance to convert one form of energy into another for accomplishing various jobs. We call such materials as fuels. In other words, any substance that upon combustion produces a usable amount of energy is known as fuel. Example: fossil fuels, biogas, Table of Content Such materials can further be classified into:   Renewable source of energy: one which is inexhaustible. Example: Solar energy.   Non-renewable source of energy: one which is exhaustible. Example: Fossil Fuels. Now, the energy produced by the burning paper is not sufficient to run cars, but energy produced by burning petrol is enough to do so. Thus, we can say that each fuel releases its own set of energy i.e., all of them do not release the same amount of energy upon combustion. The energy produced by the combustion of one kg of fuel is known as its calorific value. Thus, we can different...

Summary All energy sources have negative effects. But they differ enormously in size: as we will see, fossil fuels are the dirtiest and most dangerous, while nuclear and modern renewable energy sources are vastly safer and cleaner. From the perspective of both human health and climate change, it matters less whether we transition to nuclear power or renewable energy, and more that we stop relying on fossil fuels. Energy has been critical to the human progress we’ve seen over the last few centuries. As the United Nations rightly But while energy brings us massive benefits, it’s not without its downsides. Energy production can have negative impacts on human health and the environment in three ways. The first is air pollution: millions of people die prematurely every year as a result of The second is accidents. This includes accidents that happen in the mining and extraction of the fuels – coal, uranium, rare metals, oil, and gas. And it also includes accidents that occur in the transport of raw materials and infrastructure, the construction of the power plant, or their maintenance. The third is greenhouse gas emissions: fossil fuels are the main source of greenhouse gases, the primary driver of climate change. In 2020, 91% of 2 emissions came from fossil fuels and industry. 1 No energy source is completely safe. They all have short-term impacts on human health, either through air pollution or accidents. And they all have long-term impacts by contributing to climate change. B...

CONCEPT: Nuclear reactor: • It is a device in which a nuclear reaction is initiated, maintained, and controlled. • It works on the principle of controlled chain reaction and provides energy at a constant rate. EXPLANATION: • Nuclear Fuel: It is a fissionable material to be used for the fission process to take place. Therefore option 1 is correct. • Commonly used fuels in a nuclear reactor are U 233, Enriched U 235, Pu 239 etc. • Generally, uranium oxide pellets are inserted end to end into long hollow metal tubes constituting the fuel rods. • When slow neutrons interact with the fuel, the fission starts, and the energy is released. Additional Information • The moderator's function is to slow down the fast-moving secondary neutrons produced during the fission. • The material of the moderator should be light and it should not absorb neutrons. • Usually, heavy water, graphite, deuterium, and paraffin, etc. can act as moderators. • Controller: These are made with neutron-absorbing material such as cadmium, hafnium or boron, and are inserted or withdrawn from the core to control the rate of reaction, or to halt it. • Lubricant: Lubricant has shown that it is possible to produce materials capable of lubricating some reactor components. • In order to further the development of such lubricants, the U.K.A.E.A. and the nuclear manufacturing groups have co-operated in providing lubricant manufacturers. The correct answer is Apsara. Key Points • Bhabha Atomic Research Center's Nuclear...