Which of the following is not the factor affecting projectile trajectory

Figure 1: free-body force diagram for a projectile subject to air resistance When air resistance is not considered, weight is the only force acting vertically on the projectile, but as air resistance comes into the picture, vertical drag also acts on the projectile as a vertical force. When air resistance is not considered, there is no horizontal external force on the projectile. But, as air drag is considered we get a horizontal drag force as well acting on the projectile in the horizontal direction. Experiment shows that both the horizontal and vertical The effect of the horizontal air drag will be to foreshorten the range of the projectile and the effect of the vertical air drag will be to reduce the maximum height reached by the projectile. However, the presence of air resistance also means that the mass of the projectile will now affect the path followed by the projectile. In the absence of air resistance, there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction and the acceleration in the vertical direction is g, the acceleration of free fall. See also Time of flight equation for projectile With air resistance present, to find the horizontal (a H) and vertical (a V) accelerations we have to apply If we let the horizontal drag equal K 1V H and the vertical drag equal K 2V v where K 1 and K 2 are constants and V H and V v are the horizontal and vertical speeds respectively at any instant, then we can write K 1V H = m a H …………… (1) mg – K 2V v = m a V ………..(2) From this, we...

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• Identify and explain the properties of a projectile, such as acceleration due to gravity, range, maximum height, and trajectory. • Determine the location and velocity of a projectile at different points in its trajectory. • Apply the principle of independence of motion to solve projectile motion problems. Projectile motion is the motionof an object thrown or projected into the air, subject to only the acceleration of gravity. The object is called a projectile, and its path is called its trajectory. The motion of falling objects, as covered in air resistance is negligible. The most important fact to remember here is that motions along perpendicular axes are independent and thus can be analyzed separately. This fact was discussed in x-axis and the vertical axis the y-axis. is defined to be the total displacement and and are its components along the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively. The magnitudes of these vectors are s, x, and y. (Note that in the last section we used the notation to represent a vector with components and If we continued this format, we would call displacement with components and However, to simplify the notation, we will simply represent the component vectors as and .) Of course, to describe motion we must deal with velocity and acceleration, as well as with displacement. We must find their components along the x– and y-axes, too. We will assume all forces except gravity (such as air resistance and friction, for example) are negligible. The comp...

A Basic Guide to Rifle Accuracy As a hunting guide the biggest problem I am faced with (besides locating game) is in-accurate rifles. Before each hunt, I advise clients that long shots of around 300 yards are very common on our hunting blocks. I then ask each client to check their rifles carefully to ensure that the rifle is both accurate and zeroed appropriately for the ranges we will encounter. Unfortunately we are finding that eighty percent of the rifles brought here for hunting are not capable of even basic accuracy. Think about that, for every ten rifles you are seeing on the gun store walls, two at most, will be accurate and these, in my experience have been more of a fluke than good management. I remember many years ago a gunsmith said to me, you will never see an accurate rifle on a gun store wall as nobody will sell a good rifle, so true. Of the in-accurate rifles that come here, some have been brand new high end designs, others have been basic production sporting rifles. Many times, clients have had to give up after their rifle shot all over the target at the range and use one of our back up rifles for their hunt. What is an Accurate Rifle? Definition of an Accurate Hunting Rifle First the shooter needs to define – what is an accurate hunting rifle? This is simple; if the rifle will be used out to 300 yards or beyond, it will need to be capable of grouping 1” (one inch) or less at 100 yards. If the hunter only gets perhaps one 300 yard shot per year, the same le...

Figure 1: free-body force diagram for a projectile subject to air resistance When air resistance is not considered, weight is the only force acting vertically on the projectile, but as air resistance comes into the picture, vertical drag also acts on the projectile as a vertical force. When air resistance is not considered, there is no horizontal external force on the projectile. But, as air drag is considered we get a horizontal drag force as well acting on the projectile in the horizontal direction. Experiment shows that both the horizontal and vertical The effect of the horizontal air drag will be to foreshorten the range of the projectile and the effect of the vertical air drag will be to reduce the maximum height reached by the projectile. However, the presence of air resistance also means that the mass of the projectile will now affect the path followed by the projectile. In the absence of air resistance, there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction and the acceleration in the vertical direction is g, the acceleration of free fall. See also The differences between Uniform circular motion and projectile motion with diagrams With air resistance present, to find the horizontal (a H) and vertical (a V) accelerations we have to apply If we let the horizontal drag equal K 1V H and the vertical drag equal K 2V v where K 1 and K 2 are constants and V H and V v are the horizontal and vertical speeds respectively at any instant, then we can write K 1V H = m a H …………… (...

• Identify and explain the properties of a projectile, such as acceleration due to gravity, range, maximum height, and trajectory. • Determine the location and velocity of a projectile at different points in its trajectory. • Apply the principle of independence of motion to solve projectile motion problems. Projectile motion is the motionof an object thrown or projected into the air, subject to only the acceleration of gravity. The object is called a projectile, and its path is called its trajectory. The motion of falling objects, as covered in air resistance is negligible. The most important fact to remember here is that motions along perpendicular axes are independent and thus can be analyzed separately. This fact was discussed in x-axis and the vertical axis the y-axis. is defined to be the total displacement and and are its components along the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively. The magnitudes of these vectors are s, x, and y. (Note that in the last section we used the notation to represent a vector with components and If we continued this format, we would call displacement with components and However, to simplify the notation, we will simply represent the component vectors as and .) Of course, to describe motion we must deal with velocity and acceleration, as well as with displacement. We must find their components along the x– and y-axes, too. We will assume all forces except gravity (such as air resistance and friction, for example) are negligible. The comp...

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A Basic Guide to Rifle Accuracy As a hunting guide the biggest problem I am faced with (besides locating game) is in-accurate rifles. Before each hunt, I advise clients that long shots of around 300 yards are very common on our hunting blocks. I then ask each client to check their rifles carefully to ensure that the rifle is both accurate and zeroed appropriately for the ranges we will encounter. Unfortunately we are finding that eighty percent of the rifles brought here for hunting are not capable of even basic accuracy. Think about that, for every ten rifles you are seeing on the gun store walls, two at most, will be accurate and these, in my experience have been more of a fluke than good management. I remember many years ago a gunsmith said to me, you will never see an accurate rifle on a gun store wall as nobody will sell a good rifle, so true. Of the in-accurate rifles that come here, some have been brand new high end designs, others have been basic production sporting rifles. Many times, clients have had to give up after their rifle shot all over the target at the range and use one of our back up rifles for their hunt. What is an Accurate Rifle? Definition of an Accurate Hunting Rifle First the shooter needs to define – what is an accurate hunting rifle? This is simple; if the rifle will be used out to 300 yards or beyond, it will need to be capable of grouping 1” (one inch) or less at 100 yards. If the hunter only gets perhaps one 300 yard shot per year, the same le...