Who invented atom bomb

In the popular imagination, Albert Einstein is intimately associated with the atom bomb. A few months after the weapon was used against Japan in 1945, Time put him on its cover with an explosion mushrooming behind him that had E = mc2 emblazoned on it. In a story overseen by an editor named Whittaker Chambers, the magazine noted with its typical prose from the period: “[T]here will be dimly discernible, to those who are interested in cause & effect in history, the features of a shy, almost saintly, childlike little man with the soft brown eyes, the drooping facial lines of a world-weary hound, and hair like an aurora borealis ... Albert Einstein did not work directly on the atom bomb. But Einstein was the father of the bomb in two important ways: 1) it was his initiative which started U.S. bomb research; 2) it was his equation ( E = mc2 ) which made the atomic bomb theoretically possible.” Newsweek , likewise, did a cover on him, with the headline “The Man Who Started It All.” This was a perception fostered by the U.S. government. It had released an official history of the atom bomb project that assigned great weight to a letter Einstein had written to President Franklin Roosevelt warning of the destructive potential of an atomic chain reaction. All of this troubled Einstein. “Had I known that the Germans would not succeed in producing an atomic bomb,” he told Newsweek , “I never would have lifted a finger.” He pointed out, correctly, that he had never actually worked on t...

NAZI leaders were kept in the dark about how far Germany’s nuclear physicists had got in their work on an atomic bomb. According to a new account of German nuclear research during the Second World War, physicist Werner Heisenberg hid information from Nazi leaders about how to build an atomic bomb. The account relies heavily on secretly taped conversations among German scientists interned in England after the war. Ten German scientists involved in nuclear research, including three Nobel laureates, were interned for six months in 1945 at Farm Hall, a country house near Cambridge. All the rooms contained hidden microphones. Summaries and partial transcripts from the tapes were released earlier this year. The tapes have provided raw material for both sides in an emotional debate over whether German scientists tried to build an atomic bomb for Hitler. Samuel Goudsmit, a physicist born in the Netherlands but working in the US, had full access to them while writing an account of the German effort in the 1940s. Goudsmit argued that the German physicists showed no moral objection to building a bomb; they simply had no idea how to go about it. When the Farm Hall documents were released in February, press accounts tended to support this view. The transcripts show vividly that Heisenberg and his colleagues were stunned when they heard that the US had dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima. But Thomas Powers, author of a forthcoming book on the German programme and co-author of a new inte...

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Albert Einstein spent the summer of 1939 in a rented cottage on the north fork of eastern Long Island, across the Great Peconic Bay from the villages of the Hamptons. He sailed his small boat Tinef, bought sandals from the local department store and played Bach with the store’s owner. And he met with Leó Szilárd, a charming and slightly eccentric Hungarian physicist, who sought his aid in a matter of grave and urgent concern. Szilárd taught and conducted research in nuclear physics at Columbia University, where he was working on ways to create a nuclear chain reaction. When he learned that German scientists had discovered nuclear fission the year before by splitting the uranium atom, he concluded that uranium was an element that could be capable of sustaining a chain reaction with huge explosive potential. Szilárd discussed this possibility with his close friend Eugene Wigner, also a refugee physicist from Budapest, and they began to worry that the Germans might try to buy up the uranium supplies of the Congo, which was then a Belgian colony. But how, they asked themselves, could two Hungarian refugees in America find a way to warn the Belgians? Then Szilárd recalled that Einstein was a friend of that country’s queen mother. On Sunday, July 16, 1939, Szilárd and Wigner embarked on their mission to Long Island, with Wigner at the wheel (Szilárd, like Einstein, did not drive). Sitting at a bare wooden table on the screen porch of Einstein’s rental cottage, Szilárd explained ...

Teller's Education and Contributions Teller was born in Budapest, Hungary in 1908. He earned a degree in chemical engineering at the Institute of Technology in Karlsruhe, Germany and received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry at the University of Leipzig. His doctoral thesis was on the hydrogen molecular ion, the foundation for the theory of molecular orbitals that remains accepted to this day. Although his early training was in chemical physics and spectroscopy, Teller also made substantial contributions to diverse fields such as nuclear physics, plasma physics, astrophysics, and statistical mechanics. The Hydrogen Bomb In 1951, while still at Los Alamos, Teller came up with the idea for a thermonuclear weapon. Teller was more determined than ever to push for its development after the Soviet Union exploded an atomic bomb in 1949. This was a major reason why he was determined to lead the successful development and testing of the first hydrogen bomb. In 1952, Ernest Lawrence and Teller opened the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, where he was the associate director from 1954 to 1958 and 1960 to 1965. He was its director from 1958 to 1960. For the next 50 years, Teller did his research at the Livermore National Laboratory, and between 1956 and 1960 he proposed and developed thermonuclear warheads small and light enough to be carried on submarine-launched ballistic missiles. Awards Teller published more than a dozen books on subjects ranging from energy policy to defense ...

By Jan 10, 2023 Introduction The atom bomb is a weapon of mass destruction that has forever changed the course of human history. The invention of the atomic bomb was a major milestone in modern science, and it has had a profound impact on international politics and warfare. But who invented the atom bomb? This article will explore the history and science behind the invention of the atomic bomb, as well as the ethical and political implications of its use. Historical Biography of the Person Who Invented the Atom Bomb The most widely recognized name associated with the invention of the atom bomb is J. Robert Oppenheimer, an American physicist and leader of the Manhattan Project. Oppenheimer was born in New York City in 1904 and studied at Harvard University, where he received his PhD in physics in 1925. He later went on to teach at the University of California, Berkeley and the California Institute of Technology. Oppenheimer was appointed director of the Manhattan Project in 1942. The project was a top-secret initiative by the United States government to develop an atomic bomb before the Nazis could do so. Oppenheimer worked with a team of scientists from around the world to develop the first atomic bomb. Other notable scientists who contributed to the Manhattan Project include Enrico Fermi, Edward Teller, Hans Bethe, and Leo Szilard. A Timeline of Atomic Bomb Development A Timeline of Atomic Bomb Development The development of the atomic bomb began long before World War II....