Working principle of dc motor

History of DC Motor People or scientists in the earlier nineteenth century used to think electricity and magnetism as two different topics until the electromagnetism was invented. In 1820, Hans Christian Oersted noticed that a compass (magnetic needle) was deflected when placed nearby a wire with a current flowing through it. As seen in Fig.1, dc current flows through the wire in the marked direction which generates an electromagnetic field (anticlockwise) around the wire. This electromagnetic field interacts with the compass’s magnetic field resulting in deflection of the compass needles placed in four different places. This was the very first demonstration of a mechanical movement caused by an electric current. Taking this concept a step forward, just a year later, the great scientific thinker Michael Faraday figured out how to turn it into motion thus creating the world’s first dc motor. Though a primitive device that served no practical purpose, it was a great leap for humankind and led to the much more sophisticated motors of today. Fig 1: Oersted’s discovery of Electromagnetism Faraday’s first created experiment setup comprised of a metal wire, suspended in a cup of mercury which is a good conductor of electricity. The wire was arranged so that one end hung free in contact with the mercury bath able to move freely. A permanent magnet was placed in the mercury bath protruding up from the bottom-center of the cup. When current from an electric battery ran through the w...

As the magnetic field strength of a permanent magnet is fixed it cannot be controlled externally, field control of this type of DC motor cannot be possible. Thus permanent magnet DC motor is used where there is no need to control the speed of the motor (which is usually done by controlling the magnetic field). Small fractional and sub-fractional KW motors are often constructed using a permanent magnet. Construction of Permanent Magnet DC Motor or PMDC Motor As it is indicated in name of permanent magnet DC motor, the field poles of this motor are essentially made of permanent magnet. A PMDC motor mainly consists of two parts. A stator and an armature. Here the stator which is a steel cylinder. The magnets are mounted in the inner periphery of this cylinder. The permanent magnets are mounted in such a way that the N-pole and S-pole of each magnet are alternatively faced towards armature as shown in the figure below. That means, if N-pole of one magnet is faced towards armature then S-pole of very next magnet is faced towards armature. In addition to holding the magnet on its inner periphery, the steel cylindrical stator also serves as low reluctance return path for the Although field coil is not required in permanent magnet DC motor still it is sometimes found that they are used along with permanent magnet. This is because if permanent magnets lose their strength, these lost magnetic strengths can be compensated by field excitation through these field coils. Generally, rare...

We will discuss in this article DC motor, DC motor diagram, working principle of dc motor, the principle of and application of dc motor, construction of dc motor, construction of dc machine, dc motor parts, motor concept, bldc (bldc full form, brushless Direct current), pmdc motor, motor diagram, etc. Table of contents What is a DC machine?:- DC machine definition, “In the rotating electrical machine an electro-mechanical energy conversion takes place is called a DC machine.” In all the rotating electrical machines, a change in flux is associated with the mechanical motion to cause electromechanical energy conversion. When mechanical input energy is converted into electrical energy, the machine is called the generator and when the electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy, then the machine is called a DC motor. Also, check- • • • Construction of DC machine:- Basic structure of DC machine. The electric machine has two parts • The stator of the machine does not move and normally, it is the outer frame of the machine. • Rotor: The rotor is free to move and normally it is the inner part of the machine. The machine has two types of winding • Field winding:- The winding through a current is passed to produce the main flux is called the field winding. • Armature winding:- The winding in which voltage is induced is called the armature winding. This is the construction details of the DC machine. The working principle of a DC machine:- principle of DC machine is that whe...

The DC motor is of vital importance for the industry today and is equally important for engineers to look into the working principle of DC motor in details that we have discussed in this article. To understand the operating principle of DC motor we need to first look into its single loop constructional feature. The very basic As soon as we supply direct current in the armature, a mechanical force acts on it due to the electromagnetic effect of the magnet on armature conductors. Now to go into the details of the operating principle of DC motor it is important that we have a clear understanding of If a current carrying conductor is placed in a For clear understanding the principle of DC motor we have to determine the magnitude of the force, by considering the diagram below. We know that when an infinitely small charge dq is made to flow at a velocity ‘v’ under the influence of an For the operation of DC motor, considering E = 0. i.e. it’s the cross product of dq v and Where, dL is the length of the conductor carrying charge q. From the 1 st diagram we can see that the construction of a DC motor is such that the direction of current through the armature conductor at all instance is perpendicular to the field. Hence the force acts on the armature conductor in the direction perpendicular to both uniform field, and current is constant. So if we take the Then the force on the left-hand side armature conductor, Similarly, the force on the right-hand side conductor, Therefore, we c...

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As the loop gets closed there will be a current circulating through the loop. The direction of the current can be determined by This rule says that if you stretch the thumb, index finger, and middle finger of your right-hand perpendicular to each other, then thumbs indicates the direction of motion of the conductor, index finger indicates the direction of the Now if we apply this right-hand rule, we will see at this horizontal position of the loop, current will flow from point A to B and on the other side of the loop, the current will flow from point C to D. Now if we allow the loop to move further, it will come again to its vertical position, but now the upper side of the loop will be CD, and the lower side will be AB (just opposite of the previous vertical position). At this position, the tangential motion of the sides of the loop is parallel to the flux lines of the field. Hence there will be no question of flux cutting, and consequently, there will be no current in the loop. If the loop rotates further, it comes again in a horizontal position. But now, said AB side of the loop comes in front of N pole, and CD comes in front of S pole, i.e., just opposite to the previous horizontal position as shown in the figure beside. Here the tangential motion of the side of the loop is perpendicular to the flux lines; hence rate of flux cutting is maximum here, and according to Now if the loop is continued to rotate about its axis. Every time the side AB comes in front of S pole, t...