Characteristics of tropical evergreen forest

Hostname: page-component-594f858ff7-wfvfs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2023-06-15T07:08:08.168Z Has data issue: false Feature Flags: hasContentIssue false A permanent plot of 28 ha was established in a dense wet evergreen forest in the Western Ghats of India to study the functioning of the ecosystem. Since April 1990, 1981 trees of ≥30 cm gbh have been enumerated in a systematic sampling of five strips totalling 3.12 ha. This paper describes the main structural and floristic characteristics of the plot. The density (635 trees ≥30 cm gbh per hectare) and basal area (39.7 m 2 ha −1) are high. Despite the high diversity (Simpson's D = 0.92 and Shannon's H' = 4.56), four species are distinctly, dominant in terms of an importance value index (relative density + relative basal area). Each of these four species occupies a different layer in the ecosystem: Humboldtia brunonis Wall. (Fabaceae) dominates the undergrowth, Myristica dactyloïdes Gaertn. (Myristicaceae) the intermediate strata, Valeria indica L. (Dipterocarpaceae) the higher canopy level and Dipterocarpus indicus Bedd. (Dipterocarpaceae) the emergents. This pronounced species hierarchy is one of the most important characteristics of the evergreen forests of the Western Ghats. The two dipterocarps account for 20.1% of the total number of trees and contribute 40.9% to the total basal area. This formation can, therefore, be considered as the westernmost lowland dipterocarp forest of Asia. Analysis of the spatial var...

Table Of Contents • • • Evergreen forests fill many corners of the planet with life, where they are commonly known as "evergreen" forests. Unlike forests of deciduous plant species that lose their leaves in autumn, evergreen forests maintain their greenery and foliage with the passing of the seasons. Thus, the various animals of the evergreen forest have shelter and food throughout the year, forming part of some of the richest, most stable and complex ecosystems in all of nature. From the extensive tropical forests, to the distant boreal forests, passing through the semi-arid Mediterranean forests, all these ecosystems are characterized by maintaining their leaves with the passage of the seasons. Continue reading this Green Exology article and you will discover in detail the evergreen forest: what is it, characteristics, flora and fauna. What is an evergreen forest and its characteristics From Latin perennis (durable) and follium (leaf), the term evergreen is used within botany to group those plant species whose leaves remain during all seasons, that is, those trees and shrubs that maintain their foliage and do not suffer from the fall of their leaves during the months of autumn and winter. Thus, in different parts of the planet, evergreen trees and shrubs coexist constituting dense and varied evergreen forests, sharing many common characteristics. These are the main characteristics of evergreen forests: • Only part of the leaves of perennials die each year, so those that ...

We calculated water use efficiency (WUE) using measures of gross primary production (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) from five years of continuous eddy covariance measurements (2009–2013) obtained over a primary subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest in southwestern China. Annual mean WUE exhibited a decreasing trend from 2009 to 2013, varying from ~2.28 to 2.68 g C kg H 2O −1. The multiyear average WUE was 2.48 ± 0.17 (mean ± standard deviation) g C kg H 2O −1. WUE increased greatly in the driest year (2009), due to a larger decline in ET than in GPP. At the diurnal scale, WUE in the wet season reached 5.1 g C kg H 2O −1 in the early morning and 4.6 g C kg H 2O −1 in the evening. WUE in the dry season reached 3.1 g C kg H 2O −1 in the early morning and 2.7 g C kg H 2O −1 in the evening. During the leaf emergence stage, the variation of WUE could be suitably explained by water-related variables (relative humidity (RH), soil water content at 100 cm (SWC_100)), solar radiation and the green index (Sgreen). These results revealed large variation in WUE at different time scales, highlighting the importance of individual site characteristics. Ecosystem WUE indicates the coupling of carbon and water vapor flux exchanged between the atmosphere and an ecosystem and it quantifies how much water an ecosystem uses relative to carbon gained The temporal dynamics of WUE differ strongly depending on plant types and climate conditions 2 fertilization effect The Ailaoshan Nature Reserv...

ADVERTISEMENTS: In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Location of Tropical Evergreen Rainforest Biome 2. Climate of Tropical Evergreen Rainforest Biome 3. Species Composition 4. Vertical Stratification 5. Animal Life. Location of Tropical Evergreen Rainforest Biome : Tropical evergreen rainforest biome provides optimum environmental conditions for the growth and development of plants and animals because it is char­acterized by high rainfall and temperature throughout the year. This biome is also called optimum biome because of uninterrupted supply of abundant moisture and water and heat throughout the year which ensures continuous and normal growth of plants. Normally, the evergreen rainforest biome extends between 10°N and 10°S latitudes. The maximum development of this biome has taken place in Amazon Basin (South America), Congo Basin (Africa) and Indo-Malaysian Region (mainly in Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia and Guinea). This biome has developed, infact, in true equatorial climatic region though in some areas the spatial cover­age of this biome far extends beyond the equator. For example, it extends upto Vera Cruz in Mexico (about 19°N) and upto 30° S in South America (fig. 45.1). Climate of Tropical Evergreen Rainforest Biome: The average annual rainfall of most of the areas of the tropical evergreen rainforest biome is about 2000 mm or even more. Except 2 or 3 months generally every month receives rainfall of at least 200mm. The aridity during 8 few months cert...

Mary Beth Adams, ... Jamie Schuler, in Developments in Soil Science, 2019 Temperate evergreen forests Temperate evergreen forests are found in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia, in areas that generally receive between 300 and 900mm of rain per year and with seasonal temperature extremes ranging from -40 to 20°C. Climate differences occur between the northern and southern evergreen forests, where in northern areas, winters are commonly long, cold, and snow dominated, relative to the more southern coniferous forests, where precipitation and temperatures are more evenly distributed throughout the year ( Ichoku, 2018). Vegetation includes coniferous-evergreen tree species that produce cones and needles, dominated by spruce ( Picea), pine ( Pinus), fir ( Abies), and hemlock ( Tsuga) species, and the trees retain at least some of their needles year-round. In the southern hemisphere, conifer genera also include Araucaria and Podocarpus, which are widespread and common. Laura Casella, ... Emiliano Agrillo, in Encyclopedia of the World's Biomes, 2020 Conclusions and Conservation Recommendations The evergreen forests of the Mediterranean do not seem to need further efforts in terms of the establishment of protected areas, as shown by the assessments conducted in various protectionist areas (see Red List and Article 17 of the Habitats Directive). However, some management aspects can be addressed in order to improve the ecological function of Mediterranean evergreen forests....