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Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains ongoing around the world, including in areas where dengue is endemic. Dengue and COVID-19, to some extent, have similar clinical and laboratory features, which can lead to misdiagnosis, delayed treatment and patient’s isolation. The use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) is easy and convenient for fast diagnosis, however there may be issues with cross-reactivity with antibodies for other pathogens. Methods We assessed the possibility of cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and dengue antibodies by: (1) testing five brands of COVID-19 IgG / IgM RDTs on 60 RT-PCR-confirmed dengue samples; (2) testing 95 RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 samples on dengue RDT; and (3) testing samples positive for COVID-19 IgG and/or IgM on dengue RDT. Results We observed a high specificity across all five brands of COVID-19 RDTs, ranging from 98.3 to 100%. Out of the confirmed COVID-19 samples, one patient tested positive for dengue IgM only, another tested positive for dengue IgG only. One patient tested positive for dengue IgG, IgM, and NS1, suggesting a co-infection. In COVID-19 IgG and/or IgM samples, 6.3% of COVID-19 IgG-positive samples also tested positive for dengue IgG, while 21.1% of COVID-19 IgM-positive samples also tested positive for dengue IgG. Conclusion Despite the high specificity of the COVID-19 RDT, we observed cross-reactions and false-positive results between dengue and COVID-19. Dengue and COVID-19 co-infection w...

REASON FOR TESTING OF DENGUE It is ordered when patient complains of following symptoms - • High grade fever • Body ache • Joint pain • Bruising Dengue Test is usually ordered on day 1 of fever or can be ordered within week as different antibodies rise at different time. WHAT IS BEING TESTED IN DENGUE NS1 - The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of the dengue viral genome has been shown to be useful as a tool for the diagnosis of acute dengue infections. It rises from day 1 of the infection. IgM - Its titre increase 7 to 10 days after the infection. IgG - Its titre increase 14 to 21 days after the infection. INTERPRETATION OF DENGUE TEST RESULT IgM IgG Interpretation Positive Negative Recent primary infection Positive Positive Recent secondary infection Negative Positive Recent secondary infection Negative Negative No recent infection NS1 antigen test comes positive from day 1 of infection. DENGUE TEST REFERENCE RANGE Not Applicable

Table of Contents • • • • • • • • • • What does it mean by dengue IgG positive? Positive IgM and IgG tests for dengue antibodies detected in an initial blood sample mean that it is likely that the person became infected with dengue virus within recent weeks. IgM antibody tests can be positive if a person has been infected with a similar virus, such as chikungunya (called cross-reaction). What does IgG and IgM indicate? Immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most abundant type of antibody, is found in all body fluids and protects against bacterial and viral infections. Immunoglobulin M (IgM), which is found mainly in the blood and lymph fluid, is the first antibody to be made by the body to fight a new infection. READ: When was religion banned in the USSR? What does IgM negative mean? What does it mean if the specimen tests negative for IgM and/or IgG antibodies against virus that causes COVID-19? A negative test result with this test means that SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies were not present in the specimen above the limit of detection. Can IgM and IgG both be positive? -If the tests show you have both IgM and IgG, it suggests you are in the early recovery phase. -If the test shows IgG alone, it suggests you have had the infection and are at least 14 days from the beginning of the infection and are unlikely to be infectious. What is IgM positive in dengue test? Positive IgM and IgG tests for Dengue antibodies detected in a sample means that the patient became infected with dengue vir...

The country is seeing a massive dengue outbreak as thousands of cases are being reported monthly. This is a mosquito-borne illness that begins in the monsoon(mosquito-breeding) season but lingers around till December. There is no treatment for dengue available till date, which makes this a life-threatening condition. Thus, timely diagnosis and management are the only means to deal with dengue. Talking about diagnosis, there are two serotypes of dengue that are tested in a blood sample- IgM and IgG. Let us tell you what these mean and why you should check them. Dengue is preventable and treatable only if you know how to do it. Anyone of any age can get dengue and if this wasn’t enough, a person can get dengue four times in their lifetime as there are four subtypes of dengue. You become immune to the variant you got infected but still susceptible to others. India is one of the most affected countries by dengue as all the four serotypes of dengue are prevalent in India. Also, if a person gets infected with dengue subsequently, it might lead to severe consequences like dengue haemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. Thus, it is important to track the prognosis of dengue which is only possible through dengue testing. Antibody testing is conducted to find if a person is dengue-positive and its serotype. Serological markers of Dengue fever Dengue virus is present in everyone with dengue fever but the antigen marker changes with the progression of the infection. NS1 antigen occurs b...

The major diagnostic markers for dengue infection include detection of the dengue virus, viral RNA, and viral antigens such as the NS1 protein when the patient has viremia (high levels of the dengue virus in the blood). IgM and IgG antibodies against the dengue virus can be detected in most patients five days after the onset of symptoms. IgG can be measured for many months and even years after a dengue infection. The amounts, or titres, of the IgM and IgG antibodies depend on whether the infection is a primary or a secondary infection. During a primary (first) dengue infection, IgM levels are very high, but during a secondary infection, IgM levels are lower. The levels of IgG actually increase during a secondary infection. Clinicians can measure the amounts of IgM and IgG to tell whether a patient has a primary or a secondary dengue infection. Dengue has become a serious health problem worldwide, and scientists are focusing their attention on understanding how the dengue virus causes disease. As they learn more about how dengue affects the body, researchers hope to diagnose and treat dengue better. Current dengue research also aims to provide better surveillance to limit the effect of dengue epidemics. What approaches are scientists using to improve the diagnosis and treatment of dengue patients, and how can researchers reduce the threat of dengue epidemics?

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Serologic tests to detect specific IgGs to antigens related to viral infections are urgently needed for diagnostics and therapeutics. We present a diagnostic method for serotype-specific IgG identification of dengue infection by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using high-affinity unnatural-base-containing DNA (UB-DNA) aptamers that recognize the four categorized serotypes. Using UB-DNA aptamers specific to each serotype of dengue NS1 proteins (DEN-NS1), we developed our aptamer–antibody sandwich ELISA for dengue diagnostics. Furthermore, IgGs highly specific to DEN-NS1 inhibited the serotype-specific NS1 detection, inspiring us to develop the competitive ELISA format for dengue serotype-specific IgG detection. Blood samples from Singaporean patients with primary or secondary dengue infections confirmed the highly specific IgG detection of this format, and the IgG production initially reflected the serotype of the past infection, rather than the recent infection. Using this dengue competitive ELISA format, cross-reactivity tests of 21 plasma samples from Singaporean Zika virus-infected patients revealed two distinct patte...

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Serologic tests to detect specific IgGs to antigens related to viral infections are urgently needed for diagnostics and therapeutics. We present a diagnostic method for serotype-specific IgG identification of dengue infection by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using high-affinity unnatural-base-containing DNA (UB-DNA) aptamers that recognize the four categorized serotypes. Using UB-DNA aptamers specific to each serotype of dengue NS1 proteins (DEN-NS1), we developed our aptamer–antibody sandwich ELISA for dengue diagnostics. Furthermore, IgGs highly specific to DEN-NS1 inhibited the serotype-specific NS1 detection, inspiring us to develop the competitive ELISA format for dengue serotype-specific IgG detection. Blood samples from Singaporean patients with primary or secondary dengue infections confirmed the highly specific IgG detection of this format, and the IgG production initially reflected the serotype of the past infection, rather than the recent infection. Using this dengue competitive ELISA format, cross-reactivity tests of 21 plasma samples from Singaporean Zika virus-infected patients revealed two distinct patte...

Table of Contents • • • • • • • • • • What does it mean by dengue IgG positive? Positive IgM and IgG tests for dengue antibodies detected in an initial blood sample mean that it is likely that the person became infected with dengue virus within recent weeks. IgM antibody tests can be positive if a person has been infected with a similar virus, such as chikungunya (called cross-reaction). What does IgG and IgM indicate? Immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most abundant type of antibody, is found in all body fluids and protects against bacterial and viral infections. Immunoglobulin M (IgM), which is found mainly in the blood and lymph fluid, is the first antibody to be made by the body to fight a new infection. READ: Why are aryl halides less reactive towards? What does IgM negative mean? What does it mean if the specimen tests negative for IgM and/or IgG antibodies against virus that causes COVID-19? A negative test result with this test means that SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies were not present in the specimen above the limit of detection. Can IgM and IgG both be positive? -If the tests show you have both IgM and IgG, it suggests you are in the early recovery phase. -If the test shows IgG alone, it suggests you have had the infection and are at least 14 days from the beginning of the infection and are unlikely to be infectious. What is IgM positive in dengue test? Positive IgM and IgG tests for Dengue antibodies detected in a sample means that the patient became infected with deng...

REASON FOR TESTING OF DENGUE It is ordered when patient complains of following symptoms - • High grade fever • Body ache • Joint pain • Bruising Dengue Test is usually ordered on day 1 of fever or can be ordered within week as different antibodies rise at different time. WHAT IS BEING TESTED IN DENGUE NS1 - The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of the dengue viral genome has been shown to be useful as a tool for the diagnosis of acute dengue infections. It rises from day 1 of the infection. IgM - Its titre increase 7 to 10 days after the infection. IgG - Its titre increase 14 to 21 days after the infection. INTERPRETATION OF DENGUE TEST RESULT IgM IgG Interpretation Positive Negative Recent primary infection Positive Positive Recent secondary infection Negative Positive Recent secondary infection Negative Negative No recent infection NS1 antigen test comes positive from day 1 of infection. DENGUE TEST REFERENCE RANGE Not Applicable

The major diagnostic markers for dengue infection include detection of the dengue virus, viral RNA, and viral antigens such as the NS1 protein when the patient has viremia (high levels of the dengue virus in the blood). IgM and IgG antibodies against the dengue virus can be detected in most patients five days after the onset of symptoms. IgG can be measured for many months and even years after a dengue infection. The amounts, or titres, of the IgM and IgG antibodies depend on whether the infection is a primary or a secondary infection. During a primary (first) dengue infection, IgM levels are very high, but during a secondary infection, IgM levels are lower. The levels of IgG actually increase during a secondary infection. Clinicians can measure the amounts of IgM and IgG to tell whether a patient has a primary or a secondary dengue infection. Dengue has become a serious health problem worldwide, and scientists are focusing their attention on understanding how the dengue virus causes disease. As they learn more about how dengue affects the body, researchers hope to diagnose and treat dengue better. Current dengue research also aims to provide better surveillance to limit the effect of dengue epidemics. What approaches are scientists using to improve the diagnosis and treatment of dengue patients, and how can researchers reduce the threat of dengue epidemics?