Function of transformer

An autotransformer is an electrical The autotransformer winding has at least three An example of an application of an autotransformer is one style of traveler's Operation [ ] An autotransformer has a single winding with two end terminals and one or more terminals at intermediate tap points. It is a transformer in which the primary and secondary coils have part of their turns in common. The portion of the winding shared by both the primary and secondary is the common section. The portion of the winding not shared by both the primary and secondary is the series section. The primary voltage is applied across two of the terminals. The secondary voltage is taken from two terminals, one terminal of which is usually in common with a primary voltage terminal. Since the volts-per-turn is the same in both windings, each develops a voltage in proportion to its number of turns. In an autotransformer, part of the output current flows directly from the input to the output (through the series section), and only part is transferred inductively (through the common section), allowing a smaller, lighter, cheaper core to be used as well as requiring only a single winding. V 1 V 2 = N 1 N 2 = a , respectively. As in a two-winding transformer, the ratio of secondary to primary voltages is equal to the ratio of the number of turns of the winding they connect to. For example, connecting the load between the middle of the winding and the common terminal end of the winding of the autotransformer w...

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A transformer is an important device used for stepping up or stepping down voltage or current without changing the frequency. It is a highly efficient device due to the absence of rotating parts. There are different parts of transformer. In this article, we will see the transformer parts and their functions. Let see each part and their functions in details. Different Parts of Transformer and their functions The following is the list of transformer parts. • Laminated core • Windings • Insulating materials • Transformer oil • Conservator tank • Buchholz Relay • Breather • Cooling tubes • Tap Changer • Explosion vent 1. Laminated core The main function of a laminated core is to separate primary and secondary windings. The core is laminated in order to reduce the core losses in a transformer. The core is generally made up of Cold Rolled Grain Oriented (CRGO) steel material. The other function of the laminated core is to allow the set up of magnetic flux in the transformer by providing a low reluctance path and thus helps in flux linkage with the windings. 2. Windings Generally, copper windings are used in the transformers. The main function of windings is to produce magnetic flux and induce mutual EMFs. These windings carry high voltage and current through them. 3. Insulating materials The main function of insulating material is to provide insulation to windings so that it does not come in contact with the transformer core or other conducting material. The windings are wrapped...

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What is the purpose of a transformer? Transformers are found everywhere Alternating Current (AC) electrical energy is used. Step-Up & Step-Down Transformers Transformers can be used either to increase or decrease voltage. The transformers designed to convert low voltage to high voltage, also known as stepping up the voltage, are called “step-up transformers.” Ones designed to reduce voltage, also known as stepping down the voltage, are called “step-down transformers.” You can read more about the How Electrical Transformers Work Transformers use two coils of wire, each with hundreds or thousands of turns, wrapped around a metal core. One coil is for the incoming electricity and one is for the outgoing electricity. Alternating Current in the incoming coil sets up an alternating magnetic field in the core, which then generates Alternating Current in the outgoing coil. Energy is lost in the process of transmitting electricity long distances, such as during the journey from a power plant to your home. Less energy is lost if the voltage is very high. Usually, electrical utilities use high voltage in long-distance transmission wires. However, this high voltage is too dangerous for home use. In the case of electrical utilities in homes, they use transformers to change the voltage of electricity as it travels from the power plant to your home. First using a transformer, the voltage of electricity coming from a power plant is “stepped up” to the right level for long-distance transmi...

Switchgear is electrical distribution equipment: it accepts power from a source, routes it to a number of outputs and provides overcurrent protection and control functions. Of the types of distribution equipment described in the Switchgear is available in a wide range of voltage ratings, from below 1,000 volts to more than 200 kilovolts. Medium-voltage switchgear, rated above 1,000 volts, is manufactured in a variety of configurations. Assemblies are available for exterior padmount installation, vault installation or installed in dedicated freestanding metal buildings, with air, gas, vacuum or oil as insulating media. This discussion will focus on interior low-voltage switchgear. The alternative to switchgear is LV switchgear is constructed to Switchgear breakers are typically installed four high in a vertical section, individually mounted. Each circuit breaker is separated by solid barriers from other breakers and from the rest of the assembly. In a typical switchgear assembly, the horizontal and vertical buses are enclosed in a bus compartment to the rear of the breaker compartments and this bus compartment is isolated from the rest of the assembly using insulating barriers. Finally, the cable connections are in the rear compartment, which is isolated from the bus compartment with an insulating barrier. These separations and barriers, prescribed by UL 1558, are intended to increase the reliability and maintainability of switchgear by limiting the possibility of contact b...

Since the transformer's primary and secondary circuits are electrically isolated. Hence all the transformers we use in transmission and distribution networks are called isolation transformers. What is an Isolation Transformer? 1 I 2. Similarly, for an step-down transformer N 1> N 2, V 1> V 2, and I 1< I 2. 1 = N 2, V 1 = V 2, and I 1 = I 1. Hence, it is also called a 1:1 ratio transformer in terms of voltage, current, and turns ratio. An isolation transformer provides isolation physically and electrically between two circuits. It isolates and protects the electronic circuits and the persons against electrical shock from the main lines. The electrical energy from primary to secondary is transferred through magnetic coupling. The transformers with the ratio of 1:1 are only used as isolation transformers. A typical isolation transformer without any physical and electrical connection between two windings is shown above. Function of Isolation Transformer : Let us assume a voltage spike of high voltage and current with rapid change is produced at the primary side of the isolation transformer (i.e., on the supply side). When this voltage spike passes through the primary winding. Since the inductor opposes the sudden change in the current. The inductive primary winding doesn't allow the change in current instantaneously but rather changes exponentially. Since a voltage spike contains fast-changing voltage and current, the opposition made will also be greater. Thereby, the spike in...

Transformers, in the simplest form, are electromagnetic devices that are used to transform power. So, what does that mean? How does it achieve this? First, let’s look at how they are made. Transformers consist of three main pieces: A core (typically ferromagnetic (iron)), and two individual sets of wire coils. The coils are referred to as the primary and secondary windings. When applying AC current to the primary winding of the transformer, the coil creates a pulsing magnetic field. The core of the transformer works to direct the path of the magnetic field between the primary and secondary coils to prevent wasted energy. Once the magnetic field reaches the secondary coil, it forces the electrons within it to move, creating an electric current via electromotive force (EMF). It was discovered that using a solid core was not ideal because a lot of energy was lost in the form of heat due to something called eddy current. To help with this, the cores are now made of laminated sheets of iron to help disperse the heat more evenly and prevent energy loss. A transformer’s main function is to step-up or step-down the voltage from the primary to the secondary windings. This is done simply by adjusting the ratio of coils on one side to the other. If a transformer has 5 coils on the primary, and 10 on the secondary, it will be a 1:2 step-up transformer, meaning the voltage doubles from the primary to the secondary. Now on the flip side, if it has 10 coils on the primary, and 5 on the s...

A transformer is the most important electrical machine used to transfer electromagnetic induction. The main function of Transformer is to increase (step up) or decrease (step down) the voltage level of AC electrical power without changing its frequency. Since it is a static electrical device so due to the absence of rotating parts, it has very high efficiency ( more than 95% ). Thebasic parts of transformerare its core, primary and secondary windings. Apart from these, there are many different types of equipment installed in transformers that are also considered as parts of transformer, such as its cooling arrangements, protection relay ( Buchholz relay ), HT and LT terminals and bushings, breather, conservator, oil tank, explosion vent, tap changer, etc. So let’s discuss all these different parts of transformer and their functionsin detail. Parts of transformer and their functions Following are the various parts of transformer: • Laminated core • Windings • Insulating material • Tank • Terminals and bushings • Transformer oil • Tap changer • Buchholz relay • Oil conservator • Explosion vent • Breather • Radiator and fans From all the above listed parts of transformer, laminated soft iron core, windings, and insulating material are the basic parts of transformer. These three are available in all types of transformers. Whereas rest of all these parts of transformer can be seen generally in power transformer of rating more than 100 kVA. So let's discuss each part of transfor...