Identify one functional group in o3

Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Define functional group. • Identify and name the functional groups mentioned here. • Draw the functional groups mentioned here. • Know the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Functional groups are structural units within organic compounds that are defined by specific bonding arrangements between specific atoms. The structure of capsaicin, the compound which is the source of the heat in hot chili peppers, incorporates several functional groups, labeled in the figure below and explained throughout this section. Figure 1. Functional groups in capsaicin. As one progresses their study of organic chemistry, it becomes extremely important to be able to quickly recognize the most common functional groups, because they are the key structural elements that define how organic molecules react. For now, we will only worry about drawing and recognizing each functional group, as depicted by Lewis and line structures, and the nomenclature of simple organic compounds. Much of the remainder of your study of organic chemistry will be taken up with learning about how the different functional groups behave in organic reactions. The ‘default’ in organic chemistry, essentially, the lack of any functional groups, is given the term alkane, characterized by single bonds between carbon and carbon, or between carbon and hydrogen. Methane, CH 4, is the natural gas you may burn in your furnace. Octane, C 8H 18...

Objectives After completing this section, you should be able to • explain why the properties of a given organic compound are largely dependent on the functional group or groups present in the compound. • identify the functional groups present in each of the following compound types: alkenes, alkynes, arenes, (alkyl and aryl) halides, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, esters, carboxylic acids, (carboxylic) acid chlorides, amides, amines, nitriles, nitro compounds, sulfides and sulfoxides. • identify the functional groups present in an organic compound, given its structure. • Given the structure of an organic compound containing a single functional group, identify which of the compound types listed under Objective 2, above, it belongs to. • draw the structure of a simple example of each of the compound types listed in Objective 2. Study Notes The concept of functional groups is a very important one. We expect that you will need to refer back to tables at the end of Section 3.1 quite frequently at first, as it is not really feasible to learn the names and structures of all the functional groups and compound types at one sitting. Gradually they will become familiar, and eventually you will recognize them automatically. Functional groups are atoms or small groups of atoms (two to four) that exhibit a characteristic reactivity. A particular functional group will almost always display its characteristic chemical behavior when it is present in a compound. Because of their impo...

APPARTUS REQUIRED : 1. Test tube 2. Test tube holder 3. Burner 4. Beaker CHEMICAL REQUIRED: • dil. HCl • dil. NaOH • dil.NaHCO3 • Alcohol • ether • 2,4 DNP test • Fehling’s solution test • KMnO4 • given organic compound THEORY: Functional group is the reactive group of organic compound made by an atom or group of atoms due to which organic compounds displays characteristics behavior. Double bond and triple bonds are also functional groups. It is a site of chemical reactivity in a molecule. Therefore, detection of functional group is essential for the identification of organic compounds and starts from the physical character like color, state, odor, stability, etc. Organic compound may be crystalline, amorphous. Organic compound have different colors like white, red, orange etc. Organic compound have characteristics odor of their own like bitter, pungent, smell, etc. Stability behavior of compound towards various solvents also reveals its nature. Ignition towards various solvents also reveals its nature. Ignition of organic compound gives information about aliphatic, aromatic or presence of some functional group. OBSERVATION : Sample no: 02 Physical properties State: crystalline solid Color: Brown Odor: Faint phenolic. Solubility test of organic compound (O2) Cold H2O Hot H2O Dil. HCl Dil. NaOH Dil.NAHCO3 Alcohol Ether – – – + – + + Preliminary test of organic compound(01) S.N Experiment Observation inference 1. The solution of organic compound and water was treated with li...

Learning Outcomes • Describe the importance and purpose of functional groups in organic reactions. • Identify and name functional groups in compounds. With over twenty million known organic compounds in existence, it would be very challenging to memorize chemical reactions for each one. Fortunately, molecules with similar functional groups tend to undergo similar reactions. Functional groups are structural units within organic compounds that are defined by specific bonding arrangements between specific atoms. For example the structure of capsaicin, found in chili peppers, incorporates several functional groups, labeled in the figure below and explained throughout this section. Even if other parts of the molecule are quite different, certain functional groups tend to react in certain ways. As we progress in our study of organic chemistry, it will become extremely important to be able to quickly recognize the most common functional groups, because they are the key structural elements that define how organic molecules react. For now, we will only worry about drawing and recognizing each functional group, as depicted by Lewis and line structures. Much of the remainder of your study of organic chemistry will be taken up with learning about how the different functional groups behave in organic reactions. The ‘default’ in organic chemistry (essentially, the lack of any functional groups) is given the term alkane, characterized by single bonds between carbon and carbon, or between...

APPARTUS REQUIRED : 1. Test tube 2. Test tube holder 3. Burner 4. Beaker CHEMICAL REQUIRED: • dil. HCl • dil. NaOH • dil.NaHCO3 • Alcohol • ether • 2,4 DNP test • Fehling’s solution test • KMnO4 • given organic compound THEORY: Functional group is the reactive group of organic compound made by an atom or group of atoms due to which organic compounds displays characteristics behavior. Double bond and triple bonds are also functional groups. It is a site of chemical reactivity in a molecule. Therefore, detection of functional group is essential for the identification of organic compounds and starts from the physical character like color, state, odor, stability, etc. Organic compound may be crystalline, amorphous. Organic compound have different colors like white, red, orange etc. Organic compound have characteristics odor of their own like bitter, pungent, smell, etc. Stability behavior of compound towards various solvents also reveals its nature. Ignition towards various solvents also reveals its nature. Ignition of organic compound gives information about aliphatic, aromatic or presence of some functional group. OBSERVATION : Sample no: 02 Physical properties State: crystalline solid Color: Brown Odor: Faint phenolic. Solubility test of organic compound (O2) Cold H2O Hot H2O Dil. HCl Dil. NaOH Dil.NAHCO3 Alcohol Ether – – – + – + + Preliminary test of organic compound(01) S.N Experiment Observation inference 1. The solution of organic compound and water was treated with li...

Objectives After completing this section, you should be able to • explain why the properties of a given organic compound are largely dependent on the functional group or groups present in the compound. • identify the functional groups present in each of the following compound types: alkenes, alkynes, arenes, (alkyl and aryl) halides, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, esters, carboxylic acids, (carboxylic) acid chlorides, amides, amines, nitriles, nitro compounds, sulfides and sulfoxides. • identify the functional groups present in an organic compound, given its structure. • Given the structure of an organic compound containing a single functional group, identify which of the compound types listed under Objective 2, above, it belongs to. • draw the structure of a simple example of each of the compound types listed in Objective 2. Study Notes The concept of functional groups is a very important one. We expect that you will need to refer back to tables at the end of Section 3.1 quite frequently at first, as it is not really feasible to learn the names and structures of all the functional groups and compound types at one sitting. Gradually they will become familiar, and eventually you will recognize them automatically. Functional groups are atoms or small groups of atoms (two to four) that exhibit a characteristic reactivity. A particular functional group will almost always display its characteristic chemical behavior when it is present in a compound. Because of their impo...

Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Define functional group. • Identify and name the functional groups mentioned here. • Draw the functional groups mentioned here. • Know the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Functional groups are structural units within organic compounds that are defined by specific bonding arrangements between specific atoms. The structure of capsaicin, the compound which is the source of the heat in hot chili peppers, incorporates several functional groups, labeled in the figure below and explained throughout this section. Figure 1. Functional groups in capsaicin. As one progresses their study of organic chemistry, it becomes extremely important to be able to quickly recognize the most common functional groups, because they are the key structural elements that define how organic molecules react. For now, we will only worry about drawing and recognizing each functional group, as depicted by Lewis and line structures, and the nomenclature of simple organic compounds. Much of the remainder of your study of organic chemistry will be taken up with learning about how the different functional groups behave in organic reactions. The ‘default’ in organic chemistry, essentially, the lack of any functional groups, is given the term alkane, characterized by single bonds between carbon and carbon, or between carbon and hydrogen. Methane, CH 4, is the natural gas you may burn in your furnace. Octane, C 8H 18...

Learning Outcomes • Describe the importance and purpose of functional groups in organic reactions. • Identify and name functional groups in compounds. With over twenty million known organic compounds in existence, it would be very challenging to memorize chemical reactions for each one. Fortunately, molecules with similar functional groups tend to undergo similar reactions. Functional groups are structural units within organic compounds that are defined by specific bonding arrangements between specific atoms. For example the structure of capsaicin, found in chili peppers, incorporates several functional groups, labeled in the figure below and explained throughout this section. Even if other parts of the molecule are quite different, certain functional groups tend to react in certain ways. As we progress in our study of organic chemistry, it will become extremely important to be able to quickly recognize the most common functional groups, because they are the key structural elements that define how organic molecules react. For now, we will only worry about drawing and recognizing each functional group, as depicted by Lewis and line structures. Much of the remainder of your study of organic chemistry will be taken up with learning about how the different functional groups behave in organic reactions. The ‘default’ in organic chemistry (essentially, the lack of any functional groups) is given the term alkane, characterized by single bonds between carbon and carbon, or between...

APPARTUS REQUIRED : 1. Test tube 2. Test tube holder 3. Burner 4. Beaker CHEMICAL REQUIRED: • dil. HCl • dil. NaOH • dil.NaHCO3 • Alcohol • ether • 2,4 DNP test • Fehling’s solution test • KMnO4 • given organic compound THEORY: Functional group is the reactive group of organic compound made by an atom or group of atoms due to which organic compounds displays characteristics behavior. Double bond and triple bonds are also functional groups. It is a site of chemical reactivity in a molecule. Therefore, detection of functional group is essential for the identification of organic compounds and starts from the physical character like color, state, odor, stability, etc. Organic compound may be crystalline, amorphous. Organic compound have different colors like white, red, orange etc. Organic compound have characteristics odor of their own like bitter, pungent, smell, etc. Stability behavior of compound towards various solvents also reveals its nature. Ignition towards various solvents also reveals its nature. Ignition of organic compound gives information about aliphatic, aromatic or presence of some functional group. OBSERVATION : Sample no: 02 Physical properties State: crystalline solid Color: Brown Odor: Faint phenolic. Solubility test of organic compound (O2) Cold H2O Hot H2O Dil. HCl Dil. NaOH Dil.NAHCO3 Alcohol Ether – – – + – + + Preliminary test of organic compound(01) S.N Experiment Observation inference 1. The solution of organic compound and water was treated with li...

Objectives After completing this section, you should be able to • explain why the properties of a given organic compound are largely dependent on the functional group or groups present in the compound. • identify the functional groups present in each of the following compound types: alkenes, alkynes, arenes, (alkyl and aryl) halides, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, esters, carboxylic acids, (carboxylic) acid chlorides, amides, amines, nitriles, nitro compounds, sulfides and sulfoxides. • identify the functional groups present in an organic compound, given its structure. • Given the structure of an organic compound containing a single functional group, identify which of the compound types listed under Objective 2, above, it belongs to. • draw the structure of a simple example of each of the compound types listed in Objective 2. Study Notes The concept of functional groups is a very important one. We expect that you will need to refer back to tables at the end of Section 3.1 quite frequently at first, as it is not really feasible to learn the names and structures of all the functional groups and compound types at one sitting. Gradually they will become familiar, and eventually you will recognize them automatically. Functional groups are atoms or small groups of atoms (two to four) that exhibit a characteristic reactivity. A particular functional group will almost always display its characteristic chemical behavior when it is present in a compound. Because of their impo...