Immunization definition

Immunization provides resistance, or immunity, to a specific disease-causing agent through antibodies that target and eliminate the agent from the body. Immunity against a specific infectious agent can be acquired passively, in which case a person receives antibodies or other immune molecules produced by another individual’s immune system (e.g., immunity passed from mother to fetus in the womb), or actively, in which case a person’s ownimmune systemis triggered to generate antibodies and other infection-fighting molecules. Immunizationrefers to the general process of gaining immunity, or protection, against disease-causing agents. Vaccinationis more specific, referring more narrowly to the process of receiving a vaccine. Vaccination is a form of active immunization, in which the immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies against specific infectious agents. immunization, process by which resistance to Immunization may occur naturally, as when a person is exposed unintentionally to a pathogen (any infectious agent), or it may be brought about artificially through a

Immunization is the process of giving a vaccine to a person to protect them against disease. Immunity (protection) by immunization is similar to the immunity a person would get from disease, but instead of getting the disease you get a vaccine. This is what makes vaccines such powerful medicine. Most vaccines are given by needle (injection) but some are given by mouth (orally) or sprayed into the nose (nasally). Immunizations are also called vaccinations, needles, shots or jabs. Vaccines contain the same germ that causes disease. But the germs in the vaccine have been killed or weakened so that they do not make you sick. Some vaccines contain only a part of the germ that causes disease. When you get immunized, your body is tricked into thinking that it has been infected with the disease. It makes antibodies that kill the germs. These antibodies stay in your body for a long time and remember how to fight the germ. If the germs from the disease enter your body in the future, the antibodies destroy the germs before you can become sick. It is much safer to get a vaccine than the disease. Most people are fully protected against the disease after getting immunized. In rare cases, people who are immunized can still get the disease because they only get partial protection from the vaccine. This is more common in people with medical conditions that affect the immune system. Although these people may still get the disease, they will most likely get a milder sickness and not suffer s...

How the polio vaccine changed the world The challenge in vaccine development consists in devising a vaccine strong enough to ward off infection without making the individual seriously ill. To that end, researchers have Inactivated vaccines are those that contain organisms that have been killed or inactivated with subunit vaccine, which is made from disease year *Vaccine recommended for universal use in U.S. children. For smallpox, routine vaccination was ended in 1971. **Vaccine developed (i.e., first published results of vaccine usage). ***Vaccine licensed for use in United States. smallpox * 1798 ** rabies 1885 ** typhoid 1896 ** cholera 1896 ** plague 1897 ** diphtheria * 1923 ** pertussis * 1926 ** tetanus * 1927 ** tuberculosis 1927 ** influenza 1945 *** yellow fever 1953 *** poliomyelitis * 1955 *** measles * 1963 *** mumps * 1967 *** rubella * 1969 *** anthrax 1970 *** meningitis 1975 *** pneumonia 1977 *** adenovirus 1980 *** hepatitis B * 1981 *** Haemophilus influenzae type b * 1985 *** Japanese encephalitis 1992 *** hepatitis A 1995 *** * 1995 *** 1998 *** rotavirus * 1998 *** human papillomavirus 2006 2019

Key facts • Only 25 vaccine introductions other than COVID-19 vaccine were reported in 2021. • Global coverage dropped from 86% in 2019 to 81% in 2021 • An estimated 25 million children under the age of 1 year did not receive basic vaccines, which is the highest number since 2009. • The number of girls not vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV) increased by 3.5 million, compared to 2019. • In 2021, the number of completely unvaccinated children increased by 5 million since 2019. Overview While immunization is one of the most successful public health interventions, coverage has plateaued over the last decade. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated disruptions have strained health systems, with 25 million children missing out on vaccination in 2021, 5.9 million more than in 2019 and the highest number since 2009. During 2021, about 81% of infants worldwide (105 million infants) received 3 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) vaccine, protecting them against infectious diseases that can cause serious illness and disability or be fatal. Twenty five vaccine introductions were reported in 2021 (not including COVID-19 vaccine introductions). Although this is an increase from 17 introductions in 2020, it is well below the number of introductions of any year in the past two decades prior to 2020. This slowdown is likely to continue as countries focus on ongoing efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Global immunization coverage 2021 A summary of global vaccination c...

the process of rendering a subject immune, or of becoming immune. Called also inoculation and vaccination. The word vaccine originally referred to the substance used to immunize against The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has an Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice that reviews childhood immunization schedules yearly. The recommended childhood immunization schedule is reprinted in Appendix 7-1. In Canada, the Health Protection Branch Laboratory Center for Disease Control, Health Canada, National Advisory Committee on Immunization publishes a recommended childhood vaccination schedule for Canada (reprinted in Appendix 7-3). Adult immunization schedules for the United States and Canada are found in Appendices 7-2 and 7-4. active immunization stimulation with a specific antigen to promote antibody formation in the body. The antigenic substance may be in one of four forms: (1) dead bacteria, as in Since active immunization induces the body to produce its own antibodies and to go on producing them, protection against disease will last several years, in some cases for life. Active immunization is not without risks, although research supports the efficacy of immunization programs as a measure to reduce the incidence of infectious disease. Paradoxically, the more successful an immunization program and the higher the immunization rate, the more likely it becomes that a vaccine will cause more illness and injury than its target disease. Thus the risk of disease is ...

What is the immune system? The immune system is what protects your body from diseases and infections. It's the bodily system that produces the immune response to defend your body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues. The immune system includes various parts of the body including the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, special deposits of lymphoid tissue (such as those in the gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow), macrophages, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies. What is herd immunity? The term herd immunity refers to a reduction in the likelihood of someone catching a specific infectious disease because a significant proportion of the people in that person's community are immune to it. If you are less likely to come in contact with an infectious person, you're less likely to get infected yourself. The people in a community can be immune to a particular disease especially through previous exposure or vaccination. Recent Examples on the Web Still, scientists say, those who are up to date on vaccines are not guaranteed immunity from the syndrome if they get infected. — Rong-gong Lin Ii, Los Angeles Times, 2 June 2023 According to the eight-page complaint, Rosco Blackman was present in U.S. District Judge John Robert Blakey’s courtroom on Tuesday for the testimony of Vaughn, a key prosecution witnesses who had been granted immunity by the U.S. attorney’s office. — Jason Meisner, Chicago Tribune, 31 May 2023 Most researchers working on next-generatio...

Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease. Immunization is a proven tool for controlling and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases and is estimated to avert between 2 and 3 million deaths each year. It is one of the most cost-effective health investments, with proven strategies that make it accessible to even the most hard-to-reach and vulnerable populations. It has clearly defined target groups; it can be delivered effectively through outreach activities; and vaccination does not require any major lifestyle change. India’s UIP provide free vaccines against 11 life threatening diseases - Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio, National Immunization Schedule Immunization is one of the most important and cost effective strategies for the prevention of childhood sicknesses and disabilities and is thus a basic need for all children. The following schedule has been recommended by the Ministry of Health, Govt. of India and is one of the most widely followed by the child health care providers. Vaccine When to give Maximum age Dose Route Site For Pregnant Women Tetanus & adult Diphtheria (Td -1) early pregnancy -- 0.5ml intra muscular Upper arm Tetanus & adult Diphtheria (Td -2) 4 weeks after 1st dose of Td* -- 0.5ml intra muscular Upper arm Tetanu...