Tunisia

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• Official Name: Republic of Tunisia • Capital: Tunis • Population: 11,516,189 (2018) • Official Language: Arabic • Currency: Tunisian dinar (TND) • Form of Government: Parliamentary republic • Climate: Temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south • Total Area: 63,170 square miles (163,610 square kilometers) • Highest Point: Jebel ech Chambi at 5,066 feet (1,544 meters) • Lowest Point: Shatt al Gharsah at -56 feet (-17 meters) History of Tunisia It is believed that Tunisia was first settled by the Phoenicians in the 12th century BCE. After that, by the fifth century BCE, the city-state of Following the end of the Roman Empire, Tunisia was invaded by several European powers but in the seventh century, Muslims took over the region. At that time, there was a large amount of migration from the Arab and Ottoman worlds, according to the United States Department of State, and by the 15th century, Spanish Muslims and Jewish people began migrating to Tunisia. Government of Tunisia Today Tunisia is considered a republic and it was governed as such since 1987 by its president, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. President Ben Ali was overthrown in early 2011, however, and the country is working to restructure its government. Tunisia has a bicameral legislative branch that is comprised of the Chamber of Advisors and the Chamber of Deputies. Tunisia's judicial branch is made up of the Court of Cassation. The country is divided into 24 governorates for local ad...

• • • • • Tunisia is a North African country with a total area of 163,610 sq. km and a coastline of 1,148 km on the Mediterranean Sea to the north. Despite its relatively small size that is about the size of the US state of Wisconsin, Tunisia's north-south extent lends it great environmental diversity. The country has a moderate relief. As observed on the physical map above, the Tunisian Dorsal is a mountain range that runs in a southwest-northeast direction from Tunisia's border with Algeria in the west to the Cape Bon peninsula in the east. This mountain is an extension of the Saharan Atlas Mountains. Further north from the Tunisian Dorsal, the mountains of the Northern Tell (that include the Kroumirie Mountains in the northwest and the Mogods running along the northern coastline) can be found. In between the Tunisian Dorsal and Northern Tell Mountains lies the Medjerda River valley (shown on the map above). This valley features a series of ancient lake basins and is the country's most fertile grain-producing land. The Medjerda River is the only perennial river in Tunisia and its drains into the Gulf of Tunis. The High Steppes (in the west) and Low Steppes (in the east) lie to the south of the Tunisian Dorsale. They are cut by mountains running north to south. As we go further south, there is a series of depressions called chott. Many intermittent rivers flowing through the country end up in these chotts. Extending inwards from the eastern coastline are large plains call...