Which endocrine gland is present in males and not in females

The main reproductive hormones estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone are instrumental in sexuality and fertility. They are responsible for pregnancy, puberty, menstruation , menopause, sex drive, sperm production and more. These hormones are produced in the ovaries (in females) and testes (in males). The pituitary gland produces, stores and stimulates other reproductive hormones such as: • • • Luteinizing Hormone (LH) • Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Reproduction Hormones Anti Mullerian Hormone AMH Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) acts as the gatekeeper for fertility and reproductive development. Women are born with their lifetime supply of eggs but these decrease with age. During pregancy, the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is essential in fetal development. This hormone assists in a male fetus’ reproductive development. Prior to birth, AMH is made in the fetus’ testes and ovaries. Around eight weeks after conception, a fetus has both Müllerian (female) and Wollfian (male) ducts, which can develop into the male or female reproductive system. If the fetus has XY (male) chromosomes, the testes will produce AMH and the Müllerian ducts will disappear. Then, testosterone produced in the testes will promote the development of the male reproductive system. If a fetus has XX (female) chromosomes, a lack of testosterone will cause the Wollfian duct to vanish and the Müllerian duct will develop into the female reproductive system. AMH also has role in puberty and in adult ovaries ...

Adrenal glands Located on top of each kidney, the adrenal glands make hormones that help regulate metabolism, the immune system, blood pressure and other important functions. Although small, these glands control much of what happens in the body. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) refers to a group of genetic disorders that affect the adrenal glands, a pair of walnut-sized organs above the kidneys. The adrenal glands produce important hormones, including: • Cortisol, which regulates the body's response to illness or stress • Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, which regulate sodium and potassium levels • Androgens, such as testosterone, which are male sex hormones required for growth and development in both males and females In people who have CAH, a gene change (mutation) results in a lack of one of the enzymes needed to make these hormones. The two major types of congenital adrenal hyperplasia are: • Classic CAH. This rarer, more-severe form is usually detected at birth or in early infancy. • Nonclassic CAH. This form is milder and more common. It may not be identified until childhood or early adulthood. Although there is no cure, with proper treatment, most people who have CAH. can lead full lives. Symptoms Signs and symptoms of CAH vary, depending on which gene is affected and the level of enzyme deficiency. The imbalance of hormones the body needs to function may mean too little cortisol, too little aldosterone, excess androgens or a combination of these imbalan...

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • • • • • • Moon Face The patient in Figure \(\PageIndex\): a person with Cushing's syndrome Overview of the Endocrine System The endocrine system is a system of glands called endocrine glands that release chemical messenger molecules called hormones into the bloodstream. Other glands of the body, including sweat glands and salivary glands, also secrete substances but not into the bloodstream. Instead, they secrete them through ducts that carry them to nearby body surfaces. These other glands are called exocrine glands. Endocrine hormones must travel through the bloodstream to the cells they affect, and this takes time. Because endocrine hormones are released into the bloodstream, they travel throughout the body wherever blood flows. As a result, endocrine hormones may affect many cells and have body-wide effects. Endocrine hormones may cause effects that last for days, weeks, or even months. Glands of the Endocrine System Figure \(\PageIndex\). The glands in the figure are described briefly in the rest of this section. Refer to the figure as you read about the glands in the following text. Pituitary Gland The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is controlled by the nervous system via the brain structure called the hypothalamus, to which it is connected by a thin stalk. The pituitary gland consists of two lobes, called the anterior (front) lobe and posterior (back) lobe. The posterior lobe stores and secretes hormones synthe...

The main reproductive hormones estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone are instrumental in sexuality and fertility. They are responsible for pregnancy, puberty, menstruation , menopause, sex drive, sperm production and more. These hormones are produced in the ovaries (in females) and testes (in males). The pituitary gland produces, stores and stimulates other reproductive hormones such as: • • • Luteinizing Hormone (LH) • Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Reproduction Hormones Anti Mullerian Hormone AMH Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) acts as the gatekeeper for fertility and reproductive development. Women are born with their lifetime supply of eggs but these decrease with age. During pregancy, the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is essential in fetal development. This hormone assists in a male fetus’ reproductive development. Prior to birth, AMH is made in the fetus’ testes and ovaries. Around eight weeks after conception, a fetus has both Müllerian (female) and Wollfian (male) ducts, which can develop into the male or female reproductive system. If the fetus has XY (male) chromosomes, the testes will produce AMH and the Müllerian ducts will disappear. Then, testosterone produced in the testes will promote the development of the male reproductive system. If a fetus has XX (female) chromosomes, a lack of testosterone will cause the Wollfian duct to vanish and the Müllerian duct will develop into the female reproductive system. AMH also has role in puberty and in adult ovaries ...

Adrenal glands Located on top of each kidney, the adrenal glands make hormones that help regulate metabolism, the immune system, blood pressure and other important functions. Although small, these glands control much of what happens in the body. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) refers to a group of genetic disorders that affect the adrenal glands, a pair of walnut-sized organs above the kidneys. The adrenal glands produce important hormones, including: • Cortisol, which regulates the body's response to illness or stress • Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, which regulate sodium and potassium levels • Androgens, such as testosterone, which are male sex hormones required for growth and development in both males and females In people who have CAH, a gene change (mutation) results in a lack of one of the enzymes needed to make these hormones. The two major types of congenital adrenal hyperplasia are: • Classic CAH. This rarer, more-severe form is usually detected at birth or in early infancy. • Nonclassic CAH. This form is milder and more common. It may not be identified until childhood or early adulthood. Although there is no cure, with proper treatment, most people who have CAH. can lead full lives. Symptoms Signs and symptoms of CAH vary, depending on which gene is affected and the level of enzyme deficiency. The imbalance of hormones the body needs to function may mean too little cortisol, too little aldosterone, excess androgens or a combination of these imbalan...

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • • • • • • Moon Face The patient in Figure \(\PageIndex\): a person with Cushing's syndrome Overview of the Endocrine System The endocrine system is a system of glands called endocrine glands that release chemical messenger molecules called hormones into the bloodstream. Other glands of the body, including sweat glands and salivary glands, also secrete substances but not into the bloodstream. Instead, they secrete them through ducts that carry them to nearby body surfaces. These other glands are called exocrine glands. Endocrine hormones must travel through the bloodstream to the cells they affect, and this takes time. Because endocrine hormones are released into the bloodstream, they travel throughout the body wherever blood flows. As a result, endocrine hormones may affect many cells and have body-wide effects. Endocrine hormones may cause effects that last for days, weeks, or even months. Glands of the Endocrine System Figure \(\PageIndex\). The glands in the figure are described briefly in the rest of this section. Refer to the figure as you read about the glands in the following text. Pituitary Gland The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is controlled by the nervous system via the brain structure called the hypothalamus, to which it is connected by a thin stalk. The pituitary gland consists of two lobes, called the anterior (front) lobe and posterior (back) lobe. The posterior lobe stores and secretes hormones synthe...