10 difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell

×Top Health Categories • Coronavirus Disease COVID-19 • Gastrointestinal Health • Artificial Intelligence • Heart Disease • Mpox • High Blood Pressure • Allergies • Lung Cancer • Alzheimer's & Dementia • Mental Health • Arthritis & Rheumatology • Pregnancy • Breast Cancer • Type 1 Diabetes • Cold, Flu & Cough • Type 2 Diabetes • Diet & Nutrition • Sexual Health • Eating Disorders • Sleep • Eye Health • By Michael Greenwood, M.Sc. Reviewed by Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells possess a nucleus enclosed within a cell membrane, making up one of the three domains of life, Eukaryota. They include multicellular organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi. Bacteria and Archaea, the other two domains of life, are prokaryotic cells. They do not possess membrane-bound cellular compartments, such as nuclei. Lukiyanova Natalia Frenta | Shutterstock Similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells Cell Membrane Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells bear a lipid bilayer, which is an arrangement of phospholipids and proteins that acts as a selective barrier between the internal and external environment of the cell. Genetic Material Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells both use deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as the basis for their genetic information. This genetic material is needed to regulate and inform cell function through the creation of RNA by transcription, followed by the generation of proteins through translation. Ribosomes Ribosomes facilitate RNA translation and the creation ...

By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Name examples of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms • Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells • Describe the relative sizes of different kinds of cells Cells fall into one of two broad categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The predominantly single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are classified as prokaryotes ( pro– = before; – karyon– = nucleus). Animal cells, plant cells, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes ( eu– = true). Components of Prokaryotic Cells All cells share four common components: 1) a plasma membrane, an outer covering that separates the cell’s interior from its surrounding environment; 2) cytoplasm, consisting of a jelly-like region within the cell in which other cellular components are found; 3) DNA, the genetic material of the cell; and 4) ribosomes, particles that synthesize proteins. However, prokaryotes differ from eukaryotic cells in several ways. A prokaryotic cell is a simple, single-celled (unicellular) organism that lacks a nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelle. We will shortly come to see that this is significantly different in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic DNA is found in the central part of the cell: a darkened region called the nucleoid. Figure 3.6 This figure shows the generalized structure of a prokaryotic cell. Unlike Archaea and eukaryotes, bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, comprised of sugars and amino acids, and many have a pol...