Aniline structure

While adding acid, keep the flask shaken and cool so that the tap of the mixture does not exceed 60°C. When the whole acid is mixed, then keep the flask on water-heat for about half an hour, so that the reaction is complete. Now after cooling the flask, a concentrated solution of sodium di-hydroxide is added to it, the result of which is separated as an unilinear fluid. Aniline is to be separated from this mixture by fresh distillation. Aniline is to be extracted by ether from the mixture of aniline and water obtained. In pure state, aniline is a colorless liquid. Its boiling point is 184°C. When exposed to air, it gets oxidized in small amounts and due to this its color becomes light brown. It is less soluble in water but more soluble in ether, alcohol and chloroform. Its relative density is 1.02. It has a distinct smell. It is a toxic substance. This is a weaker base than ammonia and aliphatic amines . The reason for this is that the amines group in aniline is linked to the phenol group and the phenol group is negative. The availability of a lone electron pair on nitrogen is reduced due to the -I effect of phenol group and the + M effect of amines group. Reaction with nitrous acid: reacts with aniline nitrous acid in the presence of hydrochloric acid to form benzene di azonium chloride. The nitrous acid required for this reaction is obtained by the action of NaNO 2 and HCl. This reaction is carried out at low temperature ( 0 – 5°C ) because the benzene di azonium chlorid...

• Experimental Physico-chemical Properties • Experimental Melting Point: 59 °C TCI 56-60 °C Alfa Aesar 57 °C OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) 55-59 °C Merck Millipore 59 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 57 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 57.2 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 58 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 56-60 °C Alfa Aesar 56-59 °C Oakwood 57.2 °C FooDB 134-136 °F (56.6667-57.7778 °C) Wikidata 135 °F (57.2222 °C) Wikidata 56-59 °C Sigma-Aldrich 56-59 °C Oakwood • Experimental Boiling Point: 240-243 °C Alfa Aesar 475 °F (246.1111 °C) NIOSH 243 °C OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) 240-243 °C Alfa Aesar 240-243 °C Oakwood 474-476 °F / 760 mmHg (245.5556-246.6667 °C / 760 mmHg) Wikidata 475 °F / 760 mmHg (246.1111 °C / 760 mmHg) Wikidata 240-243 °C Sigma-Aldrich 240-243 °C Oakwood • Experimental Ionization Potent: 7.44 Ev NIOSH • Experimental Flash Point: 122 °C Alfa Aesar 5 °C OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) 122 °C Alfa Aesar 122 °F (50 °C) Alfa Aesar 122 °C Oakwood 122 °C Sigma-Aldrich 122 °C Oakwood • Experimental Solubility: Moderate NIOSH • Experimental Density: 1.089 g/mL Alfa Aesar 1.07 g/mL Wikidata • Predicted Physico-chemical Properties • Predicted Melting Point: 59 °C TCI 59 °C TCI • Miscellaneous • Appearance: brown crystals OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) Yellow to brown, crystalline solid with an amine-like odor. NIOSH • Stability: Stable. Flam...

Anilines are an Chemically, aniline is an electron-rich benzene derivative. As a consequence, aniline reacts rapidly in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. It is also prone to oxidation. Freshly purified aniline is a bit colourless oil, on exposure to air results in gradual darkening of the sample (to yellow or red) due to the formation of strongly coloured, oxidized impurities. Aniline is diazotized to give a diazonium salt. This salt then undergoes various nucleophilic substitution reactions. 2 FAQs on Anilines Structure of Anilines Aniline is a slightly pyramidalized molecule. It has hybridization of the nitrogen which is between \(sp_3\) and \(sp_2\). The nitrogen lone pair in the compound is in an \(sp^x\) hybrid orbital with a high p character. The amino group present in aniline is flatter in comparison with an aliphatic amine, owing to the conjugation of the lone pair with the aryl substituent. The geometry shows a compromise between two competing factors that is stabilization of the N lone pair in an orbital with significant s character favours pyramidalization i.e., orbitals with s character are lower in energy. Basically, substituted anilines with electron-donating groups are pyramidalized. While those with electron-withdrawing groups are planar. In the parent aniline, the lone pair is approximately 12 per cent character. It corresponds to \(sp^\) hybridization. Physical Properties of Anilines The physical properties of Anilines are- • Aniline has a bo...