Apnoea

Overview Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea is a sleep disorder in which your child's breathing is partially or completely blocked during sleep. It can happen several times a night. The condition occurs when the upper airway narrows or is blocked during sleep. There are differences between pediatric obstructive sleep apnea and adult sleep apnea. While adults usually have daytime sleepiness, children are more likely to have behavioral problems. The cause in adults is often obesity, while in children it's often larger than usual adenoids and tonsils. The adenoids are two small pads of tissue found in the back of the nose. The tonsils are two oval-shaped pads in the back of the mouth. Symptoms During sleep, symptoms of pediatric sleep apnea might include: • Snoring. • Pauses in breathing. • Restless sleep. • Snorting, coughing or choking. • Mouth breathing. • Nighttime sweating. • Bed-wetting. • Sleep terrors. Infants and young children with obstructive sleep apnea don't always snore. They might just have disturbed sleep. During the day, children with sleep apnea might: • Perform poorly in school. • Have trouble paying attention. • Have learning problems. • Have behavioral problems. • Have poor weight gain. • Be hyperactive. When to see a doctor Make an appointment with your child's doctor if your child wakes up in the morning feeling tired and has behavioral problems on a regular basis. Causes In adults, obesity is a common factor in obstructive sleep apnea. While obesity pla...

Overview Sleep apnea is a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts. If you snore loudly and feel tired even after a full night's sleep, you might have sleep apnea. The main types of sleep apnea are: • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is the more common form that occurs when throat muscles relax and block the flow of air into the lungs • Central sleep apnea (CSA), which occurs when the brain doesn't send proper signals to the muscles that control breathing • Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea, also known as complex sleep apnea, which happens when someone has OSA— diagnosed with a sleep study — that converts to CSA when receiving therapy for OSA Symptoms The symptoms of obstructive and central sleep apneas overlap, sometimes making it difficult to determine which type you have. The most common symptoms of obstructive and central sleep apneas include: • Loud snoring. • Episodes in which you stop breathing during sleep — which would be reported by another person. • Gasping for air during sleep. • Awakening with a dry mouth. • Morning headache. • Difficulty staying asleep, known as insomnia. • Excessive daytime sleepiness, known as hypersomnia. • Difficulty paying attention while awake. • Irritability. When to see a doctor Loud snoring can indicate a potentially serious problem, but not everyone who has sleep apnea snores. Talk to your health care provider if you have symptoms of sleep apnea. Ask your provider about any sleep pro...

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Diagnosis Your doctor will evaluate your condition based on your signs and symptoms, an examination, and tests. He or she might refer you to a sleep specialist for further evaluation. During the physical examination, your doctor will examine the back of your throat, mouth and nose for extra tissue or abnormalities. Your doctor might measure your neck and waist circumference and check your blood pressure. A sleep specialist can conduct additional evaluations to diagnose your condition, determine the severity of your condition and plan your treatment. The evaluation might involve staying at a sleep center overnight to monitor your breathing and other body functions as you sleep. Tests Tests to detect obstructive sleep apnea include: • Polysomnography. During this sleep study, you're hooked up to equipment that monitors your heart, lung and brain activity, breathing patterns, arm and leg movements, and blood oxygen levels while you sleep. You might be monitored all night, or part of the night in a split-night sleep study. In a split-night sleep study, you'll be monitored during the first half of the night. If you're diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea, staff may wake you and give you continuous positive airway pressure for the second half of the night. This sleep study can also help look for other sleep disorders that can cause excessive daytime sleepiness but require different treatments, such as leg movements during sleep (periodic limb movements) or sudden bouts of slee...

Consult with your sleep specialist about which mask options are best for your PAP therapy. These include: • Nasal CPAP mask: This covers the nose from the bridge to your upper lip. It is an option for those who need a higher pressure setting as well as those who move around a lot during sleep. There is a vast choice of designs. • Nasal pillows: Nasal pillows sit at the nostril entrance, sealing it and sending pressurized air into the nose. They can be used by those who need low to moderate pressure settings. • Full-face CPAP mask: This covers the nose and mouth. They are appropriate for people who need a higher pressure setting, as well as those who primarily breathe through their mouth. BiPAP Machine The differences in pressure may help you avoid gas, bloating, and other potential CPAP side effects. Implant Systems Implant systems, such as Inspire, consist of small devices that use neurostimulation to keep the airways open. If it is appropriate for your condition, the device is surgically implanted into the neck and chest wall. It senses your breathing and stimulates the nerves of your upper airway and tongue to keep your tongue from blocking your airway. • Clean your device regularly: It’s important to • Consider buying a humidifier: Some people find the dry air that pumps through a CPAP device difficult to tolerate. Some CPAP machines come with a built-in humidifier. If yours doesn’t, you might want to buy one for your bedroom. • Practice wearing your mask during the da...

What Is AHI? The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is a scale that tells whether you have a If your doctor thinks you have The sleep tests will tell your doctor how many times each hour you have apnea or hypopnea. What Do the Numbers in the AHI Mean? The AHI is the number of times you have apnea or hypopnea during one night, divided by the hours of • Normal sleep: An AHI of fewer than five events, on average, per hour • Mild • Moderate sleep apnea: An AHI of 15 to 29 events per hour • Severe sleep apnea: An AHI of 30 or more events per hour Children are less likely to have sleep apnea episodes. Most specialists see an AHI above 1 as unusual for them. A child typically needs treatment if their AHI is higher than 5. Treatment After a Moderate or Severe AHI Score If you score moderate or severe on the AHI, you might need to use a Your doctor might also suggest lifestyle changes that will help keep your airways open, like Continued Related Sleep Apnea Testing The respiratory disturbance index (RDI) is similar to AHI. In addition to apneas and hypopneas, it counts the number of times those events disturb your sleep, called respiratory effort-related arousals. A sleep study will also check for low blood oxygen levels, called desaturation. The oxygen desaturation index (ODI) is the number of times your blood oxygen falls for more than 10 seconds, divided by the number of sleep hours. SOURCES: Mayo Clinic: "Sleep Apnea." National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: "What is Sleep Apnea?" A...

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• altitude sickness • anti-asthma • anti-tubercular • anti-tuberculosis • anti-tuberculous • asthmatic • congested • emphysema • hay fever • hepatopulmonary syndrome • hyperventilate • legionnaires' disease • long Covid • man flu • strep throat • stuffiness • tubercular • upper airway resistance syndrome • ventilate • ventilated Bilingual Dictionaries • English–Dutch Dutch–English • English–French French–English • English–German German–English • English–Indonesian Indonesian–English • English–Italian Italian–English • English–Japanese Japanese–English • English–Norwegian Norwegian–English • English–Polish Polish–English • English–Portuguese Portuguese–English • English–Spanish Spanish–English

Diagnosis Your doctor will evaluate your condition based on your signs and symptoms, an examination, and tests. He or she might refer you to a sleep specialist for further evaluation. During the physical examination, your doctor will examine the back of your throat, mouth and nose for extra tissue or abnormalities. Your doctor might measure your neck and waist circumference and check your blood pressure. A sleep specialist can conduct additional evaluations to diagnose your condition, determine the severity of your condition and plan your treatment. The evaluation might involve staying at a sleep center overnight to monitor your breathing and other body functions as you sleep. Tests Tests to detect obstructive sleep apnea include: • Polysomnography. During this sleep study, you're hooked up to equipment that monitors your heart, lung and brain activity, breathing patterns, arm and leg movements, and blood oxygen levels while you sleep. You might be monitored all night, or part of the night in a split-night sleep study. In a split-night sleep study, you'll be monitored during the first half of the night. If you're diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea, staff may wake you and give you continuous positive airway pressure for the second half of the night. This sleep study can also help look for other sleep disorders that can cause excessive daytime sleepiness but require different treatments, such as leg movements during sleep (periodic limb movements) or sudden bouts of slee...

What Is AHI? The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is a scale that tells whether you have a If your doctor thinks you have The sleep tests will tell your doctor how many times each hour you have apnea or hypopnea. What Do the Numbers in the AHI Mean? The AHI is the number of times you have apnea or hypopnea during one night, divided by the hours of • Normal sleep: An AHI of fewer than five events, on average, per hour • Mild • Moderate sleep apnea: An AHI of 15 to 29 events per hour • Severe sleep apnea: An AHI of 30 or more events per hour Children are less likely to have sleep apnea episodes. Most specialists see an AHI above 1 as unusual for them. A child typically needs treatment if their AHI is higher than 5. Treatment After a Moderate or Severe AHI Score If you score moderate or severe on the AHI, you might need to use a Your doctor might also suggest lifestyle changes that will help keep your airways open, like Continued Related Sleep Apnea Testing The respiratory disturbance index (RDI) is similar to AHI. In addition to apneas and hypopneas, it counts the number of times those events disturb your sleep, called respiratory effort-related arousals. A sleep study will also check for low blood oxygen levels, called desaturation. The oxygen desaturation index (ODI) is the number of times your blood oxygen falls for more than 10 seconds, divided by the number of sleep hours. SOURCES: Mayo Clinic: "Sleep Apnea." National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: "What is Sleep Apnea?" A...