Genes are distinct pieces of

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Different versions of a gene are known as alleles. The alleles you inherit from your parents may determine, for example, if you have brown eyes or blue eyes. Other alleles may result in congenital (inherited) disorders like Other alleles may not cause disease but can increase your risk of getting things like • Autosomal dominant means that you need only one copy of an allele from one parent for a trait to develop (such as brown eyes or Huntington's disease). • Autosomal recessive means that you need two copies of the allele—one from each parent—for a trait to develop (such as blue eyes or cystic fibrosis). Genetic Recombination Genetic recombination is a process in which pieces of DNA are broken, recombined, and repaired to produce a new allele. Also referred to as "genetic reshuffling," recombination occurs randomly in nature as a normal event during cell division. The new allele is then passed from parents to offspring. Summary DNA is the building blocks of genes that contain the coded instruction for building and maintaining a body. Genes are a portion of DNA that are tasked with making specific proteins that play a critical role in the structure and function of the body. Chromosomes are structures containing many genes each. They are passed from parents to offspring and determine an individual's unique traits. • Genomics England. • Elston R, Satagopan J, Sun S. Methods Mol Biol. 2012;850:1-9. doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-555-8_1 • MedlinePlus. • MedlinePlus. • White D, Raba...

Enter search terms to find related medical topics, multimedia and more. Advanced Search: • Use “ “ for phrases o [ “pediatric abdominal pain” ] • Use – to remove results with certain terms o [ “abdominal pain” –pediatric ] • Use OR to account for alternate terms o [teenager OR adolescent ] Search A-Z Proteins are probably the most important class of material in the body. Proteins are not just building blocks for muscles, connective tissues, skin, and other structures. They also are needed to make enzymes. Enzymes are complex proteins that control and carry out nearly all chemical processes and reactions within the body. The body produces thousands of different enzymes. Thus, the entire structure and function of the body is governed by the types and amounts of proteins the body synthesizes. Protein synthesis is controlled by genes, which are contained on chromosomes. The phenotype is the actual structure and function of a person’s body. The phenotype is how the genotype manifests in a person—not all the instructions in the genotype may be carried out (or expressed). Whether and how a gene is expressed is determined not only by the genotype but also by the environment (including illnesses and diet) and other factors, some of which are unknown. Genes consist of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA contains the code, or blueprint, used to synthesize a protein. Genes vary in size, depending on the sizes of the proteins for which they code. Each DNA molecule is a long double helix t...