Atelectasis meaning

• Atelectasis • Pulmonary atelectasis • Atelectasis of lung • Atelectatic lung • Atelectatic lungs • Atelectasis of lungs • Atelectasis of the lung • Atelectasis of the lungs • Atelectatic changes • Atelectatic change • Lung atelectases • Pulmonary atelectases • Atelectases of the lung • Atelectases of the lungs Article: • • • • • Images: • Terminology Atelectasis may be used synonymously with collapse, but some authors reserve the term “atelectasis” for partial collapse, not inclusive of total atelectasis of the affected part of lung or of whole lung collapse. Classification Atelectasis is a radiopathological sign which can be classified in many ways. The aim of each classification approach is to help identify possible underlying causes together with other accompanying radiological and clinical findings. Atelectasis can be subcategorised based on underlying mechanism, as follows: • • occurs as a result of complete obstruction of an airway • no new air can enter the portion of the lung distal to the obstruction and any air that is already there is eventually absorbed into the pulmonary capillary system, leaving a collapsed section of the affected lung • because the visceral and parietal pleura do not separate in resorptive atelectasis, traction is created, and if the loss of volume is considerable, mobile thoracic structures may be pulled toward the side of volume loss ("mediastinal shift") • potential causes of resorptive atelectasis include obstructing neoplasms, • resor...

Article: • • • • Images: • • Reference article This is a Summary • epidemiology • varies widely depending on the underlying cause • presentation • usually breathlessness, but can be asymptomatic and presentation also depends very much on the underlying cause • pathophysiology • caused by: • adjacent compression • e.g. a lung tumor, dilated aorta, large osteophyte • passive atelectasis • when the lung relaxes away from the parietal pleural surface, e.g. pleural effusion, pneumothorax • dependent atelectasis • in the posterior portions of the lung due to patients not fully expanding their lungs while lying for long periods • role of imaging • confirm atelectasis • differentiate from air-space opacification • help to determine the cause (may need CT) • treatment • ​management of the underlying cause • deeper breathing if the cause is due to hypoventilation Radiographic features Chest x-ray Atelectasis is usually seen on chest x-rays as small volume linear shadows, usually peripherally or at the lung bases. The underlying cause (such as a lung tumor or pleural effusion) may also be visible. Lobar collapse will have a more typical and appearance based on the lobe involved, whereas atelectasis can be more eccentric in position and appearance. CT chest CT allows a more accurate depiction of the involved lung. The dependent lung can be affected by subsegmental collapse just because of lying down (particularly if the patient has been supine for a long period of time, or they are un...

Article: • • • • • • Terminology Depending on its shape, linear atelectasis is also known as plate, discoid or band atelectasis (and historically as Fleischner lines on Subsegmental vs linear atelectasis There is confusion about the use of the terms "subsegmental atelectasis" and "linear atelectasis" (and their synonyms). From an academic point of view, the term linear atelectasis is reserved for atelectasis which appears primarily in the lung bases and is secondary to hypoventilation. Conversely, subsegmental atelectasis includes both linear atelectases and all other forms of atelectasis that do not involve a whole bronchopulmonary segment. In other words, every linear atelectasis is a subsegmental atelectasis, but not every subsegmental atelectasis is a linear atelectasis. Pathology Etiology • hypoventilatory change in patients who are not taking deep breaths ("splinting") • postoperative status • chest wall trauma such as • pleuritic chest disease • • • • History and etymology Fleischner lines were named after (1893-1969), an Austrian-American radiologist, who first described them in 1938. See also • • 1. Woodring JH, Reed JC. Types and mechanisms of pulmonary atelectasis. (1996) Journal of thoracic imaging. 11 (2): 92-108. • 2. Baron MG. Fleischner lines and pulmonary emboli. (1972) Circulation. 45 (1): 171-8. • 3. Ozturk K, Soylu E, Topal U. Linear Atelectasis around the Hilum on Chest Radiography: A Novel Sign of Early Lung Cancer. (2018) Journal of clinical imaging ...

Definition Atelectasis is the collapse of part or, much less commonly, all of a lung. Alternative Names Partial lung collapse Causes Atelectasis is caused by a blockage of the air passages (bronchus or bronchioles) or by pressure on the outside of the lung. Atelectasis is not the same as another type of collapsed lung called pneumothorax, which occurs when air escapes from the lung. The air then fills the space outside of the lung, between the lung and chest wall. In atelectasis, there is usually fluid between the lung and the chest wall and the air sacs within the lung fill with fluid. Atelectasis is common after surgery or in people who are or were in the hospital. Risk factors for developing atelectasis include: • Anesthesia • Use of a breathing tube • Foreign object in the airway (most common in children) • Lung disease • Mucus that plugs the airway • Pressure on the lung caused by a buildup of fluid between the ribs and the lungs (called a pleural effusion) • Prolonged bed rest with few changes in position • Shallow breathing (may be caused by painful breathing or muscle weakness) • Tumors that block an airway Symptoms Symptoms may include any of the following: • Breathing difficulty • Chest pain • Cough There are no symptoms if atelectasis is mild. Exams and Tests To confirm if you have atelectasis and determine its cause, the following tests will likely be done to view the lungs and airways: • Physical exam by auscultating (listening) or percussing (tapping) the che...

Atelectasis refers to the full or partial collapse of a lung or a part of it. The term ‘Atelectasis’ is derived from two Greek words, i.e. ‘ateles’ and ‘ektasis’, which mean ‘incomplete expansion’. It is a common respiratory problem especially in postoperative patients who have undergone thoracic or abdominal surgeries. What Are The Three Types Of Atelectasis? Atelectasis is characterized not only by the collapse of a lung but also the failure of alveoli, which are tiny air spaces within the organ and low oxygen volume in the lungs. The condition can be categorized into three major groups which basically are related to the pathogenesis of the different types. They include; obstructive atelectasis, non-obstructive atelectasis, and adhesive atelectasis. Obstructive (Absorption) Atelectasis As the name suggests, this type of atelectasis is caused by blockage (obstruction) of the bronchial passageways by inhaled foreign particles. This leads to trapped air in the alveoli, which is slowly absorbed into the bloodstream. It also inhibits the proper circulation of air into the lungs, thus depriving the air sacs and lungs of oxygen altogether. Obstructive atelectasis can also occur as a complication of surgery (of the chest or abdomen), i.e. postoperative atelectasis, under anesthesia. This is because the anesthesia triggers an increase of bronchial secretions and also prompts shallow breathing. Other obstructions which can lead to this atelectasis include; malignancy and mucus plu...

Atelectasis is when the airways or air sacs in the lungs collapse or do not fully expand. Atelectasis is usually reversible. However, without medical care, it can lead to potentially fatal complications. Atelectasis may affect both lungs or only part of them, with several causes and types. Around Sometimes, atelectasis may also be called total or partial lung collapse. In this article, we look at the types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and outlook of atelectasis. Share on Pinterest Image credit: AzmanL/Getty Images The types of atelectasis sit within four categories based on the conditions that cause them. Nonobstructive Types of nonobstructive atelectasis include: • Compression: Due to increased pressure on the lungs. • Adhesive: Caused by dysfunction or deficiency of pulmonary surfactant. This is a soap-like substance that creates surface tension in the air sacs, helping them stay open. • Cicatrization: Occurs due to scarring, which causes the lungs to shrink. • Relaxation: The loss of contact between the membranes connecting to the chest wall, called the parietal pleura, and the membranes covering the lungs, known as the visceral pleura. • Replacement atelectasis: Occurs when tumors fill or replace the air sacs. Obstructive Obstructive atelectasis is also called resorptive atelectasis. An obstruction triggers a partial or complete lack of ventilation to the impacted area, though gas uptake into the blood still occurs. When all of the gas is absorbed, the air ...

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Article: • • • • Images: • • Reference article This is a Summary • epidemiology • varies widely depending on the underlying cause • presentation • usually breathlessness, but can be asymptomatic and presentation also depends very much on the underlying cause • pathophysiology • caused by: • adjacent compression • e.g. a lung tumor, dilated aorta, large osteophyte • passive atelectasis • when the lung relaxes away from the parietal pleural surface, e.g. pleural effusion, pneumothorax • dependent atelectasis • in the posterior portions of the lung due to patients not fully expanding their lungs while lying for long periods • role of imaging • confirm atelectasis • differentiate from air-space opacification • help to determine the cause (may need CT) • treatment • ​management of the underlying cause • deeper breathing if the cause is due to hypoventilation Radiographic features Chest x-ray Atelectasis is usually seen on chest x-rays as small volume linear shadows, usually peripherally or at the lung bases. The underlying cause (such as a lung tumor or pleural effusion) may also be visible. Lobar collapse will have a more typical and appearance based on the lobe involved, whereas atelectasis can be more eccentric in position and appearance. CT chest CT allows a more accurate depiction of the involved lung. The dependent lung can be affected by subsegmental collapse just because of lying down (particularly if the patient has been supine for a long period of time, or they are un...

Article: • • • • • • Terminology Depending on its shape, linear atelectasis is also known as plate, discoid or band atelectasis (and historically as Fleischner lines on Subsegmental vs linear atelectasis There is confusion about the use of the terms "subsegmental atelectasis" and "linear atelectasis" (and their synonyms). From an academic point of view, the term linear atelectasis is reserved for atelectasis which appears primarily in the lung bases and is secondary to hypoventilation. Conversely, subsegmental atelectasis includes both linear atelectases and all other forms of atelectasis that do not involve a whole bronchopulmonary segment. In other words, every linear atelectasis is a subsegmental atelectasis, but not every subsegmental atelectasis is a linear atelectasis. Pathology Etiology • hypoventilatory change in patients who are not taking deep breaths ("splinting") • postoperative status • chest wall trauma such as • pleuritic chest disease • • • • History and etymology Fleischner lines were named after (1893-1969), an Austrian-American radiologist, who first described them in 1938. See also • • 1. Woodring JH, Reed JC. Types and mechanisms of pulmonary atelectasis. (1996) Journal of thoracic imaging. 11 (2): 92-108. • 2. Baron MG. Fleischner lines and pulmonary emboli. (1972) Circulation. 45 (1): 171-8. • 3. Ozturk K, Soylu E, Topal U. Linear Atelectasis around the Hilum on Chest Radiography: A Novel Sign of Early Lung Cancer. (2018) Journal of clinical imaging ...

• Atelectasis • Pulmonary atelectasis • Atelectasis of lung • Atelectatic lung • Atelectatic lungs • Atelectasis of lungs • Atelectasis of the lung • Atelectasis of the lungs • Atelectatic changes • Atelectatic change • Lung atelectases • Pulmonary atelectases • Atelectases of the lung • Atelectases of the lungs Article: • • • • • Images: • Terminology Atelectasis may be used synonymously with collapse, but some authors reserve the term “atelectasis” for partial collapse, not inclusive of total atelectasis of the affected part of lung or of whole lung collapse. Classification Atelectasis is a radiopathological sign which can be classified in many ways. The aim of each classification approach is to help identify possible underlying causes together with other accompanying radiological and clinical findings. Atelectasis can be subcategorised based on underlying mechanism, as follows: • • occurs as a result of complete obstruction of an airway • no new air can enter the portion of the lung distal to the obstruction and any air that is already there is eventually absorbed into the pulmonary capillary system, leaving a collapsed section of the affected lung • because the visceral and parietal pleura do not separate in resorptive atelectasis, traction is created, and if the loss of volume is considerable, mobile thoracic structures may be pulled toward the side of volume loss ("mediastinal shift") • potential causes of resorptive atelectasis include obstructing neoplasms, • resor...