Beri beri disease

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is an unusual type of memory disorder due to a lack of thiamin (vitamin B1) requiring immediate treatment. It most often happens in people with alcohol use disorder and malnutrition. While there isn’t a cure, healthcare providers can recommend treatments to manage your symptoms. Overview What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome? Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is a brain and memory disorder that requires immediate treatment. It happens due to a severe lack of thiamine (vitamin B1), which causes damage to your brain. Thiamine is an essential vitamin that your body uses to convert food into energy. WKS consists of two stages: • Wernicke encephalopathy, a sudden and severe (acute) brain disorder • Korsakoff syndrome, a long-term (chronic) memory disorder. This condition is named for German neurologist Carl Wernicke and Russian neuropsychiatrist Sergei Korsakoff. How are Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome related? Untreated, Wernicke encephalopathy develops into Korsakoff syndrome. Commonly, people with Wernicke encephalopathy have three main symptoms: • Confusion. • Inability to coordinate voluntary movements (also known as • Visual changes and additional eye problems. In addition, people may experience some muscle loss. When these symptoms become long term, they cause lasting brain and nerve cell damage. This causes severe memory loss and the inability to form new memories, leading to Korsakoff syndrome. Over time, Wernicke-Korsakoff synd...

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Beriberi is a deficiency of thiamine, more commonly known as The condition is rare in western countries, where most people get enough thiamine in their diet, but the condition is relatively common elsewhere in the world. To treat beriberi, doctors typically focus on reintroducing enough thiamine into the diet, but more serious cases may require extensive medical intervention. Beriberi can be dangerous in its advanced stages — even causing heart failure or muscle paralysis — so it's important to treat the deficiency before it gets worse. Who’s Most At Risk for Beriberi? If you eat a varied and healthy diet, you probably won’t have to worry about being diagnosed with beriberi. People who drink a lot of alcohol or struggle with Other people at higher risk for developing beriberi include: • • Those who eat a • People engaged in extremely high amounts of physical activity or exercise • Anyone with • People with certain • People who've had bariatric surgery for weight loss • Anyone with Your risk of beriberi may increase if you're on Symptoms of Beriberi There are two types of beriberi that affect different parts of the body. Both can be dangerous: • Wet beriberi affects the • Dry beriberi can damage the central nervous system (CNS). It disrupts ‌‌ Other possible symptoms of beriberi include: • Weakness and muscle loss • Mental confusion • • • • Chest pain • • If these symptoms aren’t attended to when they first appear, beriberi may progress into Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a k...

A mysterious illness killed princesses and sailors alike. In 1877, Japan’s Meiji Emperor watched his aunt, the princess Kazu, die of a common malady: kakke. If her condition was typical, her legs would have swollen, and her speech slowed. Numbness and paralysis might have come next, along with twitching and vomiting. Death often resulted from heart failure. The emperor had suffered from this same ailment, on-and-off, his whole life. In response, he poured money into research on the illness. It was a matter of survival: for the emperor, his family, and Japan’s ruling class. While most diseases ravage the poor and vulnerable, kakke afflicted the wealthy and powerful, especially city dwellers. This curious fact gave kakke its other name: Edo wazurai, the affliction of Edo (Edo being the old name for Tokyo). But for centuries, the culprit of kakke went unnoticed: fine, polished, white rice. The Meiji emperor and his family. Gleaming white rice was a status symbol—it was expensive and laborious to husk, hull, polish, and wash. In Japan, the poor ate brown rice, or other carbohydrates such as sweet potatoes or barley. The rich ate polished white rice, often to the exclusion of other foods. This was a problem. Removing the outer layers of a grain of rice also removes one vital nutrient: thiamine, or vitamin B-1. Without thiamine, animals and humans develop kakke , now known in English as beriberi. But for too long, the cause of the condition remained unknown. In his book Beriberi...