Bronchioles

Bronchioles Definition The bronchioles are tubes in the lungs which branch off from the larger bronchi that enter each lung, from the large and singular trachea which connects to the mouth. As such, bronchioles are one of the smallest airways in the respiratory tract, and lead directly to the alveolar ducts which house the alveoli responsible for exchanging gases with the blood. These structures can be seen in the following image, with the bronchioles being labeled as number 5. Each bronchus, after entering the lung near the number 2 in the image above, divides into secondary and tertiary bronchi, which get continually small. Eventually, the bronchi transition into bronchioles as they lose some of the structural elements that define a bronchus. The bronchioles lack hyaline cartilage, which surround the bronchi and keeps them from collapsing. Bronchioles are instead anchored to the tissues that they carry air to. Bronchioles are also supported by smooth muscle tissue, which surrounds each bronchiole. This smooth muscle tissue is sometimes prone to contract, reducing the size of the bronchioles. This is known as a bronchospasm, and is seen in patients with asthma and other lung diseases. The bronchioles different units of the lungs, or pulmonary lobules. The bronchioles continue dividing into smaller terminal bronchioles, which divide into the smallest respiratory bronchioles. At the respiratory bronchioles, alveoli begin surround the bronchioles and the walls become thin en...

The terminal, which are 0.5mm or less in diameter. Terminal bronchioles in turn divide into smaller respiratory bronchioles which divide into The diameter of the bronchioles plays an important role in air flow. The bronchioles change diameter to either increase or reduce air flow. An increase in diameter is called Bronchioles [ ] The tertiary meaning "third"), known as Terminal bronchioles [ ] The terminal bronchioles are the most distal segment of the conducting zone. They branch off the lesser bronchioles. Each of the terminal bronchioles divides to form respiratory bronchioles which contain a small number of alveoli. Terminal bronchioles are lined with Respiratory bronchioles [ ] The respiratory bronchioles are the narrowest airways of the lungs, 0.5 mm across. Clinical significance [ ] Diseases of the bronchioles include Inflammation [ ] The medical condition of inflammation of the bronchioles is termed Additional images [ ] • • ^ a b Tortora GJ (2010). Principles of anatomy and physiology (12thed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp.883–888. 9780470233474. • Bacsi A, Pan L, Ba X, Boldogh I (February 2016). Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 16 (1): 59–67. • Saladin K (2011). Human anatomy (3rded.). McGraw-Hill. pp.640–641. 9780071222075. • Merck Manual of Medical Information (Homeed.). Whitehouse Station, N.J.: Merck Research Laboratories. 1997. 978-0-911910-87-2. • Martini FH, Timmons MJ, Tallitsch RB. Human Anatomy (6thed.). Benjamin Cummings. p.64...

• Cilia: These tiny finger-like projections line the bronchioles and work to move debris and germs out of the airways. The number of cilia in the airway decreases as the bronchioles branch off and get smaller and smaller. • Club cells: These cells in the lining of the bronchioles secrete surfactants, substances that reduce surface tension within airways. This allows the airways to expand during inhalation, preventing them from collapsing during exhalation. Club cells also secrete enzymes that break down debris and irritants so that they can be readily excreted from the lung. • Excessive or prolonged exposure to toxins such as ammonia, chlorine, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide, nicotine, diacetyl (used in butter flavoring), and acetaldehyde (found in e-cigarettes) • Organ transplants • Prolonged inhalation of fiberglass particles or fly ash from coal • • Viral lung infections, including • • Lung volume test: Also known as lung plethysmography, this test measures how much air you can hold in your lungs and the amount of air that remains after you breathe out as much as you can. It can help tell the difference between obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. • Gas diffusion test: This type of testing measures how well you are able to pass oxygen from the air sacs in the lungs to the bloodstream. Conditions that can lead to abnormal results include asthma, emphysema, sarcoidosis, and inflammation of the lungs. Treatment The course and duration of treatment can vary based on whe...

Overview What is bronchiolitis? Bronchiolitis is a viral infection that causes the airways ( For instance, there is a condition called bronchiolitis obliterans, which is sometimes known as “popcorn lung.” This condition is usually caused by breathing in irritating chemicals or other substances. What’s the difference between bronchiolitis and bronchitis? These two conditions not only sound similar, but they are similar in some ways. Both can be caused by a virus. Both affect the airways in the lungs, but Symptoms and Causes What causes bronchiolitis? The viruses that cause most cases of bronchiolitis are the What are the signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis? Signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis resemble those of colds and flu. They include: • Runny nose. • Slight fever (under 101 F). • • Rapid or shallow breathing. • Your child might show more severe signs, including: • Making grunting noises. • Having trouble sucking and swallowing, which makes feeding difficult on top of having a poor appetite. • Trying so hard to breathe that their chest retracts (the skin is drawn down tightly against the rib cage and looks like it is going inward). • Turning blue or gray in the lips, fingertips or toes. • Being sluggish. If you see that these things are happening, call your healthcare provider immediately or take your child to an emergency room. This is also true if your child is showing signs of dehydration, such as dry mouth, not urinating often and crying without producing tears. How ...

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