Cnidaria is characterized by

Ranaa Aboumosallam Arafat I took pre-masters and diploma in Microbiology, Human Physiology and Endocrinology. I got accepted to start my masters next fall at the University of Manitoba in Biology. I wrote lessons for Michigan virutal and I worked as a biology teacher for one year. Moreover, I wrote scientific explainers and presentations for several educational platforms. • Instructor Phylum Cnidaria There are about 10,000 species of Cnidarians. What are cnidarians? Cnidarians belong to the phylum • They are also called coelenterate. • Cnidarians are multicelluar. They have 2 distinct cell layers: inner endoderm and exterior ectoderm. • Species of phylum cnidaria are aquatic organisms, which means they live in water. Most of them prefer marine water. Few of them live in freshwater. • They lack respiratory, circulatory, and excretory systems. • They have an opening or mouth. The gastrointestinal cavity is housed in a dome shape. • They have a primitive nervous system in the form of net nerves • They have stinging cells called Cnidoblast. These cells are found around the tentacles and mouth of the cnidarians and contain organelles called nematocysts. Stinging cells paralyze prey with poisons. • They possess a cavity called coelenterates. • They can reproduce by sexual and asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction by budding or spores. Sexual reproduction by fusion of gametes of separate or non-separate sexes. The fertilization in sexual reproduction is external. • They can ...

• Article • • 29 June 2021 Cnidarian-bilaterian comparison reveals the ancestral regulatory logic of the β-catenin dependent axial patterning • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-1492 • • • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5301-3361 • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2354-0408 • • • • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4472-8258 • … • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4864-7770 Show authors Nature Communications volume 12, Article number: 4032 ( 2021) In animals, body axis patterning is based on the concentration-dependent interpretation of graded morphogen signals, which enables correct positioning of the anatomical structures. The most ancient axis patterning system acting across animal phyla relies on β-catenin signaling, which directs gastrulation, and patterns the main body axis. However, within Bilateria, the patterning logic varies significantly between protostomes and deuterostomes. To deduce the ancestral principles of β-catenin-dependent axial patterning, we investigate the oral–aboral axis patterning in the sea anemone Nematostella—a member of the bilaterian sister group Cnidaria. Here we elucidate the regulatory logic by which more orally expressed β-catenin targets repress more aborally expressed β-catenin targets, and progressively restrict the initially global, maternally provided aboral identity. Similar regulatory logic of β-catenin-dependent patterning in Nematostella and deuterostomes suggests a common evolutionary origin of these processes and the equivalence of the cnidarian oral–a...

Biology is the study of life. Below, You will find a list of MCQ Questions on Animal Kingdom 1. Which class has the largest number of animals? (a) Fishes (b) Reptiles (c) Insects (d) Mammals Answer Answer: (c) Insects 2. Identify the characteristic of acoelomates (a) Absence of mesoderm (b) Absence of brain (c) Coelom that is incompletely lined with a mesoderm (d) Solid body without a cavity surrounding internal organs Answer Answer: (d) Solid body without a cavity surrounding internal organs 3. Salamander belongs to the class (a) Pisces (b) Aves (c) Reptiles (d) Amphibian Answer Answer: (d) Amphibian 4. Which of the following combinations is incorrect? (a) Nematoda – roundworms, pseudocoelomate (b) Calcarea – gastrovascular cavity, coelom present (c) Echinodermata – coelom present, bilateral symmetry (d) Platyhelminthes – gastrovascular cavity, flatworms, acoelomate Answer Answer: (b) Calcarea – gastrovascular cavity, coelom present 5. Flame cells are the excretory structures for (a) Annelida (b) Coelenterates (c) Platyhelminthes (d) Echinodermata Answer Answer: (c) Platyhelminthes 6. Phylum Porifera is classified based on (a) Branching (b) Symmetry (c) Spicules (d) Reproduction Answer Answer: (c) Spicules 7. The canal system in sponges develops due to (a) Porous walls (b) Gastrovascular system (c) Reproduction (d) Folding of inner walls Answer Answer: (d) Folding of inner walls 8. Select the correct pair (a) Arthropoda – silver fish (b) Pisces – jelly fish (c) Echinoderm...

One body form may be more hydrocorals. Hydromedusae are smaller and more delicate than scyphomedusae or cubomedusae; they may be completely absent from the life cycle of some hydrozoan species. Some other species produce medusae, but the medusae never separate themselves from the polyps. Cubozoans have medusae commonly known as Many cnidarian polyps are individually no more than a millimetre or so across. Polyps of most hydroids, hydrocorals, and Distribution and abundance Soft-bodied anthozoans are similarly dominant in other seas. Temperate rocky intertidal zones in many parts of the world are carpeted with sea anemones. They sequester the space that is therefore made unavailable to other organisms, thus having a profound impact on Liponema is the most abundant benthic

With fossil records that can be traced back over 700 million years, the phylum is suggested to be one of the oldest groups of any metazoan. It's divided into five main classes that include: · Anthozoa (E.g. Sea anemones and hard corals) · Scyphozoa (True jellyfishes) · Hydrozoa ( · Cubozoa (Box jellyfish) · Staurozoa (Stalked jellyfish) * Another group known as myxozoa (consisting of microscopic endoparasites) is considered to be a class of the phylum Cnidaria in some books. Phylum Cnidaria Characteristics Anatomy/Morphology Despite the diversity in their form, members of the phylum Cnidaria share a number of similar characteristics. For instance, as mentioned, they are all diploblastic. This means that their bodies are made up of two main germ layers which include the ectoderm and the endoderm. Whereas the ectoderm makes up the epidermis, the endoderm makes up the inner gastrodermis. Here, however, it's worth noting that each of the germ layers consists of several basic types of cells that perform different functions. Some of the cells that can be found in the ectoderm include Various cells that can be found in the endodermis include secretory cells (cells that secrete enzymes) and gastromuscular cells involved in food digestion among others. The majority of these species also exhibit a symmetrical body plan (radial symmetry). This means that the body can be divided into two parts that are mirror images of each other. This is evident in jellyfish and sea anemones. * Gener...

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