Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidney with respect to their structure and functioning

The average haemoglobin content of blood, irrespective of sex, is 14.5 g per 100 mL. If haemoglobin content reduces in the blood, its oxygen carrying capacity decreases. So, the person shows symptoms of deficient oxygen such as breathlesness, fatigue and other health problems. Severe deficiencies can even lead to the damage of organs and less efficient working of your body systems. Double circulation: In human beings the blood goes through the heart twice during each cycle i.e., the blood passes through the human heart two times to supply once to the whole body. So, it is called double circulation of blood. The double circulation of blood includes (i) Systemic circulation and (ii) Pulmonary circulation (i) Systemic circulation: It supplies oxygenated blood from left auricle to left ventricle. Thereby pumped to various body parts. The deoxygenated blood is collected from the various body organs by the veins to pour into vena cavae and finally into right atrium (auricle). Right atrium transfers the blood into the right ventricle. (ii) Pulmonary circulation: The deoxygenated blood is pushed by the right ventricle into the lungs for oxygination. The oxyginated blood is brought back to left atrium of the human heart. From left atrium the oxyginated blood is pushed into the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into arota for systemic circulation. Necessacity of double circulation: The right side and the left side of the human heart is useful to keep deoxygen...

Alveoli Nephron (i) Alveoli is the functional unit of the lungs. (ii) Nephron is the functional unit of the Kidneys. (ii) A lung has about 300 million alveoli. (ii) A kidney has about a million nephrons. (iii) Alveoli provides a very large surface for the exchange of gaseous materials to take place. (iii) The Surface are of Nephrons is not very large. (iv) The exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen takes place through alveoli. (iv) The absorption of water, amino acids, sugar molecules etc. take place in the Nephron.

Alveoli Nephrons Structure Structure Alveoli are tiny balloon-like structures present inside the lungs. Nephrons are tubular structures present inside the kidneys. The walls of the alveoli are one cell thick and it contains an extensive network of blood capillaries. Nephrons are made of glomerulus, bowman’s capsule, and a long renal tube. Function Function The exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place between the blood of the capillaries that surround the alveoli and the gases present in the alveoli. The blood enters the kidneys through the renal artery. The blood is entered here and the nitrogenous waste in the form of urine is collected by collecting duct. Alveoli are the site of gaseous exchange. Nephrons are the basic filtration unit.

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Alveoli Nephrons ∙ air sacs present in the lungs facilitate the exchange of gases. ∙Filtration units of kidneys that filter blood and forms urine. ∙ They belong to the respiratory system. ∙ They are a part of the excretory system. ∙ They are made of simple squamous epithelium. ∙ They are made of simple cuboidal epithelium. ∙They are surrounded by blood vessels. ∙They are surrounded by blood vessels as well as made up of blood vessels (Glomerulus part). ∙ Around 350 million alveoli are found in each lung. ∙ Approximately 1.5 million nephrons are present in each kidney.

Alveoli: Alveoli are the tiny air sacs present in the lungs that allow the rapid exchange of gases. Nephrons: Nephrons comprise glomerulus and tubules through which glomerular filtrate passes Functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys: Alveoli Nephrons 1. Alveoli are the tiny air sacs present in the lungs that allow the rapid exchange of gases. 1. Nephrons comprise glomerulus and tubules through which glomerular filtrate passes 2. Present in the lungs 2. Present in kidneys 3. There are located in the respiratory system 3. These are located in the excretory system 4. There are around 480 million alveoli found in each lung 4. Around 1.5 million nephrons are found in kidneys 5. These are sac-like structures 5. These are tubular structures 6. Pulmonary arterioles supply blood 6. Afferent arterioles supply blood 7. Blood is supplied to pulmonary veins 7. Blood is supplied to renal veins 8. Facilitates gaseous exchange in lungs 8. Facilitates blood filtration to produce urine 9. Made up of simple squamous epithelium 9. Made up of simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli Diagram: Diagram: Alveoli Diagram: Nephron