Cuscuta is an example of

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Hint: Cuscuta is a leafless parasitic herb (family Convolvulaceae) that feeds on the body of the hosts. Cuscuta comprises the dodders which have whitish or yellow filamentous stems. Complete answer: Cuscuta is a total shot parasite of many plants that live on the body of a plant, so it is an ectoparasite (a parasite that lives on the surface of a host organism). Additional Information Brood parasitism - A kind of parasitism practiced by certain birds, for example, cuckoos and cowbirds, in which eggs of a particular bird are hatched and nourished in another bird's nest. A classic example of Brood parasitism is cuckoo keeping their eggs in Crow's nests. In predation, one organism kills and consumes the other organism. Predation provides a transfer of energy from one organism (prey) to the other organism (predator). This is done to prolong life and promote the reproduction of the organism that does the killing, the predator. Endoparasitism is defined as when one or more than one organism (parasite) reproduces and nourishes itself in the body of another organism (host). For example nematodes, tapeworms, and other helminths (live in the gut of their hosts). Ectoparasitism is defined as when one organism or several organisms (parasites) feed and reproduce outside the body of the organism (host). Example:- when lice that feed externally on the skin of the humans. So, the correct answer is ‘Ectoparasitism’. Note: The action of attacking and killing prey is called Predation. The te...

Solution: Cuscuta is a total stem parasite which is a good example of ectoparasitism. It is commonly found growing on hedge plants. It has lost chlorophyll and leaves in the course of evolution. It attaches and wraps itself around the stem of host plant and produces haustoria that gets inserted into the vascular system of host. The parasitic plant sucks all the nutrients from the host plant with the help of haustoria. Cuscuta is known to receive even the flower inducing hormone or florigen from the host.

As learnt Class Cyclostomata - All are ectoparasites on some fishes. Mouth is circular and jawless. Head and brain poorly developed. - wherein Eg. Petromyzon, Myxine. Parasites that live on the outside of the host, either on the skin or the outgrowths of the skin, are called ectoparasites (e.g. lice, fleas and some mites). Those that live inside the host are called endoparasites (including all parasitic worms). Option 1) Brood parasitism This option is incorrect Option 2) Predation This option is incorrect Option 3) Endoparasitism This option is incorrect Option 4) Ectoparasitism This option is correct

Roger Hull, in Plant Virology (Fifth Edition), 2014 FBy Dodder and Broomrape Dodder ( Cuscuta spp.) and broomrape ( Phelipanche spp.) are parasitic on higher plants. There are many different species of dodder with different host ranges, some of which are extensive. Phloem-mobile mRNAs traffic between widely divergent species to Cuscuta pentagona ( Roney et al., 2007). Bennett (1940) showed that dodder would transmit viruses from plant to plant. The parasite forms haustoria that connect with the vascular tissues of the host. Viruses are probably transmitted via the plasmodesmata that transiently connect the parasite’s hyphal tips with host-cell cytoplasm. Transmission by dodder is in some respects similar to grafting. However, graft compatibility is limited to quite closely related plants—usually within a genus. Dodder, on the other hand, can be used to transmit a virus between distantly related plants ( Desjardins et al., 1969). The virus being transmitted experimentally may not multiply in the dodder, which then appears to act as a passive pipeline connecting two plants. Transmission of TMV is substantially increased by conditions (such as pruning the dodder and shading the healthy plant) that might be expected to lead to a flow of food materials through the dodder from the diseased to the healthy plant ( Cochran, 1946). Bennett (1940) separated CMV from TMV because it persisted in the dodder when the parasite was grown on hosts immune to both viruses, whereas the TMV was...