Dc machine

Poles of DC Motor The magnetic poles of DC motor are structures fitted onto the inner wall of the yoke with screws. The construction of magnetic poles basically comprises of two parts. Namely, the pole core and the pole shoe stacked together under hydraulic pressure and then attached to the yoke. These two structures are assigned for different purposes, the pole core is of small cross-sectional area and its function is to just hold the pole shoe over the yoke, whereas the pole shoe having a relatively larger cross-sectional area spreads the Field Winding of DC Motor The commutator of DC motor is a cylindrical structure made up of copper segments stacked together, but insulated from each other by mica. Its main function as far as the DC motor is concerned is to commute or relay the supply brushes of DC motor. Brushes of DC Motor The brushes of DC motor are made with carbon or graphite structures, making sliding contact over the rotating commutator. The brushes are used to relay the current from external circuit to the rotating commutator form where it flows into the armature winding. So, the commutator and brush unit of the

In armature is the winding (or set of windings) of an The armature windings interact with the The armature must carry In the armature, an electromotive force is created by the relative motion of the armature and the field. When the machine or motor is used as a motor, this EMF opposes the armature current, and the armature converts A Terminology [ ] The word armature was first used in its electrical sense, i.e. The parts of an In most generators, the field magnet is rotating, and is part of the Armature reaction in a DC machine [ ] In a DC machine, two sources of magnetic fluxes are present; 'armature flux' and 'main field flux'. The effect of armature flux on the main field flux is called "armature reaction". The armature reaction changes the distribution of the magnetic field, which affects the operation of the machine. The effects of the armature flux can be offset by adding a compensating winding to the main poles, or in some machines adding intermediate magnetic poles, connected in the armature circuit. Armature reaction is essential in Armature reaction drop is the effect of a Since an armature is wound with coils of wire, a magnetic field is set up in the armature whenever a current flows in the coils. This field is at right angles to the generator field and is called cross magnetization of the armature. The effect of the armature field is to distort the generator field and shift the neutral plane. The neutral plane is the position where the armature windings are mo...

Losses in DC machines (motor and generator) include friction, windage and electrical losses. Friction is present in all rotating machinery. Windage is present because of air resistance to rotating components, and in fans added to ensure forced circulation of air for cooling purposes. In electrical machines the term ‘other losses’ comprises copper losses, iron losses, magnetic leakage and other lesser factors. Together the losses are wasted energy which should be reduced as much as possible, often by simple good maintenance. Losses in DC Machines Losses Copper power losses are due to the resistance of electrical windings, while iron power losses are due to hysteresis and eddy currents in the iron core of the armature. While the iron loss is almost constant from no load to full load, the copper loss varies considerably due to load current. These two are the main electrical losses in a motor and are added to obtain the total electric power loss. The power loss in copper conductors varies as the square of the current flowing ( P = I 2 R). At light loads, the small current flow means the copper loss is at a minimum. If the armature current is doubled, the copper loss becomes four times as great and four times as much heat is generated; this heat has to be removed, usually by air circulation, which adds a further loss to the system. DC Generator Efficiency For analysis purposes it is usual to assume that all the armature resistance is concentrated into one component and not dist...

The DC machine can be classified into two types namely as well as DC applications of the DC machine is limited to trains, mills, and mines. For example, underground subway cars, as well as trolleys, may utilize DC motors. In the past, automobiles were designed with DC dynamos for charging their batteries. What is a DC Machine? A DC machine is an electromechanical energy alteration device. The working principle of a DC machine is when electric current flows through a coil within a magnetic field, and then the magnetic force generates a torque that rotates the dc motor. The DC machines are classified into two types such as DC generator as well as DC motor. DC Machine The main function of the DC generator is to convert mechanical power to DC electrical power, whereas a DC motor converts DC power to mechanical power. The AC motor is frequently used in industrial applications for altering electrical energy to mechanical energy. However, a DC motor is applicable where good speed regulation & an ample range of speeds are necessary like in electric-transaction systems. Construction of DC Machine The construction of the DC machine can be done using some of the essential parts like Yoke, Pole core & pole shoes, Pole coil & field coil, Armature core, Armature winding otherwise conductor, commutator, brushes & bearings. Some of the parts of the DC machine is discussed below. Construction of DC Machine Yoke Another name of a yoke is the frame. The main function of the yoke in the machi...

Losses in DC machines (motor and generator) include friction, windage and electrical losses. Friction is present in all rotating machinery. Windage is present because of air resistance to rotating components, and in fans added to ensure forced circulation of air for cooling purposes. In electrical machines the term ‘other losses’ comprises copper losses, iron losses, magnetic leakage and other lesser factors. Together the losses are wasted energy which should be reduced as much as possible, often by simple good maintenance. Losses in DC Machines Losses Copper power losses are due to the resistance of electrical windings, while iron power losses are due to hysteresis and eddy currents in the iron core of the armature. While the iron loss is almost constant from no load to full load, the copper loss varies considerably due to load current. These two are the main electrical losses in a motor and are added to obtain the total electric power loss. The power loss in copper conductors varies as the square of the current flowing ( P = I 2 R). At light loads, the small current flow means the copper loss is at a minimum. If the armature current is doubled, the copper loss becomes four times as great and four times as much heat is generated; this heat has to be removed, usually by air circulation, which adds a further loss to the system. DC Generator Efficiency For analysis purposes it is usual to assume that all the armature resistance is concentrated into one component and not dist...

In armature is the winding (or set of windings) of an The armature windings interact with the The armature must carry In the armature, an electromotive force is created by the relative motion of the armature and the field. When the machine or motor is used as a motor, this EMF opposes the armature current, and the armature converts A Terminology [ ] The word armature was first used in its electrical sense, i.e. The parts of an In most generators, the field magnet is rotating, and is part of the Armature reaction in a DC machine [ ] In a DC machine, two sources of magnetic fluxes are present; 'armature flux' and 'main field flux'. The effect of armature flux on the main field flux is called "armature reaction". The armature reaction changes the distribution of the magnetic field, which affects the operation of the machine. The effects of the armature flux can be offset by adding a compensating winding to the main poles, or in some machines adding intermediate magnetic poles, connected in the armature circuit. Armature reaction is essential in Armature reaction drop is the effect of a Since an armature is wound with coils of wire, a magnetic field is set up in the armature whenever a current flows in the coils. This field is at right angles to the generator field and is called cross magnetization of the armature. The effect of the armature field is to distort the generator field and shift the neutral plane. The neutral plane is the position where the armature windings are mo...

Poles of DC Motor The magnetic poles of DC motor are structures fitted onto the inner wall of the yoke with screws. The construction of magnetic poles basically comprises of two parts. Namely, the pole core and the pole shoe stacked together under hydraulic pressure and then attached to the yoke. These two structures are assigned for different purposes, the pole core is of small cross-sectional area and its function is to just hold the pole shoe over the yoke, whereas the pole shoe having a relatively larger cross-sectional area spreads the Field Winding of DC Motor The commutator of DC motor is a cylindrical structure made up of copper segments stacked together, but insulated from each other by mica. Its main function as far as the DC motor is concerned is to commute or relay the supply brushes of DC motor. Brushes of DC Motor The brushes of DC motor are made with carbon or graphite structures, making sliding contact over the rotating commutator. The brushes are used to relay the current from external circuit to the rotating commutator form where it flows into the armature winding. So, the commutator and brush unit of the

The DC machine can be classified into two types namely as well as DC applications of the DC machine is limited to trains, mills, and mines. For example, underground subway cars, as well as trolleys, may utilize DC motors. In the past, automobiles were designed with DC dynamos for charging their batteries. What is a DC Machine? A DC machine is an electromechanical energy alteration device. The working principle of a DC machine is when electric current flows through a coil within a magnetic field, and then the magnetic force generates a torque that rotates the dc motor. The DC machines are classified into two types such as DC generator as well as DC motor. DC Machine The main function of the DC generator is to convert mechanical power to DC electrical power, whereas a DC motor converts DC power to mechanical power. The AC motor is frequently used in industrial applications for altering electrical energy to mechanical energy. However, a DC motor is applicable where good speed regulation & an ample range of speeds are necessary like in electric-transaction systems. Construction of DC Machine The construction of the DC machine can be done using some of the essential parts like Yoke, Pole core & pole shoes, Pole coil & field coil, Armature core, Armature winding otherwise conductor, commutator, brushes & bearings. Some of the parts of the DC machine is discussed below. Construction of DC Machine Yoke Another name of a yoke is the frame. The main function of the yoke in the machi...

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In armature is the winding (or set of windings) of an The armature windings interact with the The armature must carry In the armature, an electromotive force is created by the relative motion of the armature and the field. When the machine or motor is used as a motor, this EMF opposes the armature current, and the armature converts A Terminology [ ] The word armature was first used in its electrical sense, i.e. The parts of an In most generators, the field magnet is rotating, and is part of the Armature reaction in a DC machine [ ] In a DC machine, two sources of magnetic fluxes are present; 'armature flux' and 'main field flux'. The effect of armature flux on the main field flux is called "armature reaction". The armature reaction changes the distribution of the magnetic field, which affects the operation of the machine. The effects of the armature flux can be offset by adding a compensating winding to the main poles, or in some machines adding intermediate magnetic poles, connected in the armature circuit. Armature reaction is essential in Armature reaction drop is the effect of a Since an armature is wound with coils of wire, a magnetic field is set up in the armature whenever a current flows in the coils. This field is at right angles to the generator field and is called cross magnetization of the armature. The effect of the armature field is to distort the generator field and shift the neutral plane. The neutral plane is the position where the armature windings are mo...