Define age structure death rate and birth rate

Death Rates Fall Several advances in science and technology led to lower death rates in 18 th century Europe and North America: • New scientific knowledge of the causes of disease led to improved • Better farming techniques and machines increased the food supply. • The Industrial Revolution of the 1800s led to new sources of energy, such as coal and electricity. This increased the efficiency of the new agricultural machines. It also led to train transport, which improved the distribution of food. For all these reasons, death rates fell, especially in children. This allowed many more children to survive to adulthood, so birth rates increased. As the gap between birth and death rates widened, the human population grew faster. Birth Rates Fall It wasn’t long before birth rates started to fall as well in Europe and North America. People started having fewer children because large families were no longer beneficial for several reasons. • As child death rates fell and machines did more work, farming families no longer needed to have as many children to work in the fields. • Laws were passed that required children to go to school. Therefore, they could no longer work and contribute to their own support. They became a drain on the family’s income. Eventually, birth rates fell to match death rates. As a result, Stages of the Demographic Transition These changes in population that occurred in Europe and North America have been called the demographic transition. The transition can be...

(i) Age Structure or Composition: It refers to the number of people in different age groups in a country, which is one of the most basic characteristics of a population. A person’s age influences what he needs, buys, does and his capacity to perform. The number and percentage of a population found within the children, working age and aged groups are notable determinants of the population’s social and economic structure, the population of a nation is generally grouped into three categories. Children below five years, working age (15-59 years), aged (above 59 years). This structure can be represented as under: (ii) Birth Rate: It is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year, which is a major component of growth because in India, birth rates have always been higher than death rates. (iii) Death Rate: The death per thousand persons in a year is the number which is known as death rate. The main cause of the rate of growth of the Indian population has been the rapid decline in death rates. Since 1981, birth rates have also started declining gradually, resulting in a gradual decline in the rate of population growth.

Deciphering and Mapping Population Pyramids After learning about population pyramids, students will practice interpreting the graphs and drawing conclusions about world populations in this activity. Before beginning the activity, collect current population pyramids from about 15 countries in the world. Select from countries on different continents and in different stages of development. Begin by hanging the population pyramids around the room. Then, explain to students that they will be interpreting the pyramids in a way similar to a gallery walk. On a piece of paper, they should record the name of the country, and then determine if it is expansive, constructive or stationary. Then, they should determine if the population is in the stage of high fluctuating, early expanding, late expanding, low fluctuating or natural decrease. They should use the tools they learned in this lesson to make the determination. Once they have completed this for each of the chart, they should map the data. Using a key they create, they should color in the country on a world map based on the type of population (expansive, constructive or stationary). After doing this, students should see if they should draw conclusions about what types of countries have certain types of populations. To get started, have students think about these questions: • Do the different types of population tend to occur in the same regions? • Think about political, social and economic trends. Are there any similarities in p...

Occupational structure refers to the distribution of its people according to different occupations. (i)The primary occupation include agriculture, animal husbandary, forestry, fishery. Manufacturing is a secondary occupation. Tertiary occupations include transport, communication, banking, service etc. (ii)The percentage of population that is economically active is an important index of development. The proportion of people working in different activities varies in developed and developing countries. (iii)Developed nations have a high proportion of people in secondary, and tertiary activities. Developing countries tend to have a higher proportion of their workforce engaged in primary activities. In India, about 64 per cent of the population is engaged only in agriculture Natural change Population growth (i) Natural growth is the difference between birth rate and death rate per 1000 persons. (ii) The natural growth is expressed in percentages. (iii)The natural growth is related to the stage of economic development and the standard of public health. (i) Population growth is the increase in population due to natural growth and immigration. (ii)The growth of population is the difference between total population over a certain period. (iii)The growth of population is affected by economic development and immigration. Migration is an important determinant of population change: (i)It changes not only the population size but also the population composition of urban and rural populat...

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An age structure diagram, or population pyramid, shows the distribution of age and sex in a population. The y-axis of the diagram shows age groups from birth to old age. The x-axis shows the population percentage. The percentage of males and females in each age group are shown on the left and right sides of the diagram, respectively. • A population experiencing rapid growth has a large proportion of young people and a small proportion of older people. This pattern is seen in populations with high birth and death rates. Rapid growth is common in low- and lower-middle-income countries, where families tend to have more children and individuals have shorter lifespans. An age structure diagram for a rapidly growing population is shaped like a pyramid with sides that curve inward. Other terms for this type of growth include expansive and expanding. • A population experiencing slow growth also has a higher proportion of young people compared to older people, but the difference is not as extreme as in a rapidly growing population. This pattern is seen in populations with a high birth rate and a declining death rate as more people are living into middle or old age. A variety of factors can lead to this age structure, including growth due to immigration or increasing lifespans. An age structure diagram for a slowly growing population is shaped like a pyramid. Like rapid growth, other terms for slow growth include expansive and expanding. • A population that is stable has relatively ...