Define climate

Sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean compared to the long-term average over five-day periods from the end of January to early June 2023. The waters in the key monitoring region, which scientists call "the Niño-3.4 region," start out cooler than average (blue) and progressively become warmer than average (red) as La Niña ends and El Niño arrives. (NOAA/ Climate.gov) The weather around the world is a fickle thing, capable of changing in the blink of an eye. But there are times when the regional weather changes a lot more dramatically and over a longer period of time, as a butterfly effect of a phenomenon occurring thousands of kilometres away. This is what happens during El Niño, a global climate pattern associated with the warming of the Pacific Ocean. On June 8 this year, NOAA confirmed that after months of anticipation, an But what exactly is El Niño, what causes it, and how does it impact India and the world? Listed below are answers to these questions and more. What is El Niño? El Niño (meaning Little Boy in Spanish) is a periodic warming of a strip of water straddling the equator in the Pacific Ocean. It is one of the two phases of a climate pattern called El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). During El Niño, warm water builds up in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. In the other phase, called La Niña (meaning Little Girl in Spanish), cold water in the central and eastern Pacific Oceans rises to the surface. This alternating presence of warm and cold water ...

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