Direct and indirect speech rules chart

Speech is an important feature in factual writing, such as newspaper reports and recounts. It enables the writer to share important information about what people involved in the story had to say. Inverted commas are used to show direct speech in your writing. Recap and get moving with this fun video. Factual writing such as newspaper reports or recounts include two types of speech - direct and indirect/reported speech. Direct speech Direct speech is when the exact words that have been said by a person are written down inside inverted commas. • Inverted commas (speech marks) go before and after direct speech. They surround what was said by the speaker. For example: "I'm pleased to have raised so much money," said Captain Tom. Punctuating direct speech • A new speaker needs a new line. This might not be included in a newspaper report as the speech won’t be part of a conversation between people or characters. • You should use a capital letter at the start of each piece of speech. • Punctuation (question marks, full stops and exclamation marks) go inside the inverted commas. • If the person who is speaking is named before the speech, you must use a comma before the first set of inverted commas. For example: Captain Tom exclaimed, “Let’s go and do some more laps of the garden!” Indirect (reported) speech • When indirect speech is used, the writer will share the main points of what someone has said without writing exactly what they said in full. • No speech punctuation (like inv...

Here are Direct and Indirect Speech Rules, charts, examples, and exercises with English explanations. Learn with a chart of Direct and indirect narrations. Click for Direct Narration or Direct Speech – 1. When the statement of a speaker is told as it is, it is called direct narrator or direct speech. 2. These are mainly two parts of direct narration- Reporting speech & Reported speech. 3. Reporting speech-The part which is written in inverted commas (”“) is known as reported speech. 4. Reporting speech –The part which is written out of inverted commas (”“) is known as reporting speech. 5. Reporting verb-The verb which comes in reporting speech, is called reporting verb. 6. The first letter of the reported speech is capitalized. Example: He said to me, “You are telling a lie to me”. Indirect narration or Indirect speech- When the statement of a speaker is not told as it is, but the sense is represented in other words, it is called indirect narration. Basic Rules of changing direct narration to indirect narration: 1. If there is no object in reporting speech, reporting verb (says, say, said, etc.) is not changed. 2. If there is an object in reporting speech, reporting verb is changed as per the following list. Says to — tells Say to — tell Said to — told shall say to — shall tell will say to—will tell 3. After removing inverted commas, the conjunction ‘that’ is placed to join reporting speech & reported speech. 4. 1st letter of the reported speech is made small, but if it is...

Rules Of Direct And Indirect Speech Rules for converting Direct into Indirect speech To change a sentence of direct speech into indirect speech there are various factors that are considered, such as reporting verbs, modals, time, place, pronouns, tenses, etc. We will discuss each of these factors one by one. Rule 1 – Direct To Indirect Speech Conversion – Reporting Verb • When the reporting verb of direct speech is in past tense then all the present tenses are changed to the corresponding past tense in indirect speech. Direct to indirect speech example: Direct: She said, ‘I am happy’. Indirect: She said(that) she washappy. • In indirect speech, tenses do not changeif the words used within the quotes (‘’) talk of a habitual action or universal truth. Direct to indirect speech example: Direct: He said, ‘We cannot livewithout air’. Indirect: He said that we cannot livewithout air. • The tenses of direct speech do not changeif the reporting verb is in the future tenseor present tense. Direct to indirect speech example: Direct: She says/will say, ‘I am going Indirect: She says/will say she is going. Rule 2 – Direct Speech to Indirect Speech Conversion – Present Tense • Present Perfect Changes to Past Perfect. Direct to indirect speech example: Direct: “I have beento Boston”, she told me. Indirect: She told me that she had beento Boston. • Present Continuous Changes to Past Continuous Direct to indirect speech example: Direct: “I am playingthe guitar”, she explained. Indirect: S...