El nino modoki upsc

El Nino, El Nino Modoki, Cyclone formation and Monsoons (TH) • Context: India is experiencing a colder than normal winter thanks to the north-south winter flow set up by the climate phenomenon known as La Nina. • The La Nina itself is going on for a record-breaking third consecutive year (termed as triple-dip La Nina). • Now, forecasts for the 2023 fall and winter are predicting that there is a 50% possibility for its companion phenomenon, the El Nino to occur. Analysis What are El Nino and La Nina? • El Nino refers to a band of warm water spreading from west to east in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. • Similarly, a La Nina occurs when the band of water spreads east-west and is cooler. Both phenomena can have drastic effects on economies that depend on rainfall. • An El Nino year creates a miniature global-warming crisis, since the warm water spreading across the tropical Pacific releases a large amount of heat into the atmosphere. What will happen to cyclone formation and monsoons? • A transition from a La Nina winter to an El Nino summer historically tends to produce a large monsoon deficit, on the order of 15%. • This means pre-monsoon and monsoon circulations tend to be weaker in an El Nino year. • Some research has indicated that the • During the past two decades (2000-2020), the La Nina years experienced almost double the number of intense cyclones compared to the El Nino years in North Indian Ocean region. Value addition: El Nino Modoki Vs La Nina Modoki • El Nino can...

• Open menu • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Open menu • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Open menu • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Open menu • • • • • • • • • • Open menu • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Open menu • • • • • • • • • • • Open menu • • • • • • • • • • • • • Open menu • • • • • • • • • Open menu • • • List of Contents • • • • • • • • • • • Introduction The Arabian Sea used to be cyclone shy! But it is changing now, and changing fast! Cyclones are among the most devastating extreme weather events that India faces every year. The strong winds and heavy rains that accompany cyclones cause immense loss of life and property along the coastline of India. Approximately 1.4 lakh people died by cyclones, floods, and other weather extremes during the past five decades. The recent formation of Cyclone Tauktae makes 2021 the fourth consecutive year to witness an Arabian Sea cyclone during the pre-monsoon season (April–June). The changing climate and rising global warming have converted the Arabian Sea into a new hotbed for cyclonic activities. Earlier the majority of the cyclones used to occur in the Bay of Bengal. Current Scenario • • In recent years, strong cyclones have been developing on the Arabian Sea more frequently than earlier. About Tropical Cyclones • They are violent storms that originate over oceans in tropical areas. • They create a whirl in the atmosphere with very strong winds circulating around it. The direction is an...

MENU MENU • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Current Affairs • • • • • • Quizzes(Prelims) • • • • • • • Mains • • • • • • • • • Analyticas: Optional Subjects • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Current Affairs • • • • • • • • • • • • • Quizzes • • • • • • • • Mains • • • Interview • • • Questions Papers & Syllabus • • • • • • • • • • • • • • General Studies – 1 • • • • • • • • • General Studies – 2 • • • • • General Studies – 3 • • • • • • • General Studies – 4 • • • Topic– Part of static series under the heading – “Climatic anomalies Indian monsoons” 2) Indian summer monsoon has been known to be influenced by the ENSO, IOD and El Nino Modoki. Explain.(250 words) Key demand of the question This question expects us to explain these climatic anomalies in brief and thereafter, explain their impact on Indian monsoons. You don’t need to go too deep into the explanations of these climatic phenomena, rather should focus on explaining their impact on Indian monsoons. Structure of the answer • Explain what ENSO is in brief – El Nino and La Nina together. Discuss its impact on Indian monsoons. • Explain what Indian Ocean Dipole is and its impact on monsoons in India. Similarly for El Nino Modoki. Categories No Related Posts found Post navigation • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Current Affairs • • • • • • Quizzes(Prelims) • • • • • • • Mains • • • • • • • • • Analyticas: Optional Subjects • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Current Affairs • • • • • • • • • •...

In this article, You will read El-Nino, La-Nina, ENSO, El Nino Modoki, Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) – for UPSC (Geography). El-Nino and La Niña are opposite phases of what is known as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. The ENSO is a recurring climatic pattern involving temperature changes in the waters of the eastern and central tropical Pacific Ocean, and changes in the patterns of upper and lower-level winds, El Nino is often called the warm phaseand La Nina is called the cold phase of ENSO. These deviations from the normal surface temperatures can have a large-scale impact on the global weather conditions and overall climate. El Nino The phrase “ El Niño” refers to the Christ Childand was coined by fishermen along the coasts of Ecuador and Peruto describe the warming of the central and eastern pacific. • El Niño is the name given to the occasional development of warm watersalong the coast of Ecuador and Peru. El Niñoevents occurirregularly at intervals of 2– 7 years, although the average is about once every 3-4 years. • When this warming occurs the usual upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich deep ocean water is significantly reduced. • El Niño normally occurs aroundChristmasand usually lasts for a few weeks to a few months. • Sometimes an extremely warm event can develop that lasts for much longer time periods. In the 1990s, strong El Niños developed in 1991 and lasted until 1995, and from fall 1997 to spring 1998. Normal Conditions • In a normal year, a surfa...

Q. Q17. With reference to the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Nino, consider the following statements: 1. While the El Nino causes the warming of the surface of Pacific Ocean, IOD causes warming of the Indian Ocean 2. While the El Nino always brings deficient rainfall in India, IOD always brings more rains in India Which among the above statements is / are correct?

El Nino Modoki has recently been identified as a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon in the tropical Pacific Ocean and has been shown to be quite different from the canonical El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in terms of its spatial and temporal characteristics as well as its teleconnection patterns (Ashok et al. 2007; Weng et al. 2007; Ashok and Yamagata 2009). Traditionally the term “El Nino” was used for the canonical El Nino associated with warming in the eastern tropical Pacific. However, as we realize now, during El Nino Modoki the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in eastern Pacific is not affected, but a warm anomaly arises in the central Pacific flanked by cold anomalies on both sides of the basin (Fig. 1). Together with its counterpart La Nina Modoki, when colder central Pacific is flanked by warmer eastern and western Pacific, the new phenomenon is now called as the ENSO Modoki that assumes both warm and cold phases of its behavior. Several studies have shown that the ENSO Modoki has become more prominent in recent times, as compared to ENSO, and thereby changing the teleconnection pattern arising from the tropical Pacific. Moreover, the associated decadal changes in the sea level are shown to affect not only the islands of central Pacific but remote regions off California and southwestern Indian Ocean (Behera and Yamagata 2009). ENSO and ENSO Modoki modes are easily captured as the first two dominant modes of variations in an EOF analysis of SST anomalies...

What are the characteristics that distinguishes a El Niño Modoki from a "normal" El Niño? What are the effects of El Niño Modoki on atmospheric and oceanic processes? How does it affect weather systems? What are the mechanisms that determine whether an El Niño event is a normal event or a Modoki event? Here is a nice picture from It seems like the Kelvin wave is held back for some reason that I am not familiar with. From the figure below it looks analogous to a standing wave vs a freely propagating wave. Interestingly, some authors argue that the frequency of these events has increased in recent years for anthropogenic reasons. i.e. climate change. a, An El Niño event is produced when the easterly winds weaken; sometimes, in the west, westerlies prevail. This condition is categorized by warmer than normal sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the east of the ocean, and is associated with alterations in the thermocline and in the atmospheric circulation that make the east wetter and the west drier. b, An El Niño Modoki event is an anomalous condition of a distinctly different kind. The warmest SSTs occur in the central Pacific, flanked by colder waters to the east and west, and are associated with distinct patterns of atmospheric convection. c, d, The opposite (La Niña) phases of the El Niño and El Niño Modoki respectively. Yeh et al.3 argue that the increasing frequency of the Modoki condition is due to anthropogenic warming, and that these events in the central Pacific will ...

El Nino UPSC preparation must be done by keeping in mind that the concept is a bit complicated. So while doing El Nino UPSC preparation the concept must be dealt with in totality. For this, other related topics such as ENSO , Walker circulation and La Nina must also be taken care of in the El Nino UPSC studies. Questions are regularly asked on El Nino in UPSC CSE prelims as well as mains. At the end of this article some El Nino UPSC PYQs for prelims and mains are given. So do take note of that. With these basic things in mind about El Nino UPSC preparation, lets now understand the concept in a simple and systematic manner. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • What is ENSO 3 Phases of ENSO ENSO stands for El Nino Southern Oscillations. ENSO happens to be one of the most important El Nino and La Nina. The third phase is the neutral phase. The word ‘oscillations’ in ENSO means that there is a repeating pattern of the 3 phases. Let us probe these 3 phases individually. Neutral Phase Neutral Phase For a proper understanding of the ENSO cycle, we must first understand how the Pacific is like in its neutral state. As the state of the ocean and “coupled system”. Thus if the conditions of the ocean change, the atmosphere responds accordingly and vice versa. The primary indicators of this are pressure and temperature. Lets see how: Air Pressure During neutral years on an average, atmospheric pressure is low in the warmer western tropical Ocean Temperatures During normal time...