Emm blood group

More than 140 human proteins are anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane by a glycolipid composed of glucosamine, mannose, and phosphatidylinositol (ie, GPI). Such proteins include the red blood cell antigens CD55 and CD59, which protect them from hemolysis induced by the complement membrane attack complex. Individuals who have somatic mutations in hematopoietic cells of genes encoding enzymes that are responsible for the synthesis of GPI (such as PIGA and PIGT), do have hemolytic episodes causing paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), treated with a recombinant antibody against the complement protein C5. Individuals with germline mutations in GPI biosynthesis enzymes, however, lack several GPI-anchored proteins throughout their body and are afflicted by multisystem diseases (inherited GPI deficiency disorders) with severe neurologic manifestations such as epilepsy, intellectual disability, and cerebellar atrophy. PIGM have been partially helpful in some patients. To identify the exact nature of the Emm antigen, Duval et al first sequenced the exome (the coding regions of all genes) of samples from 3 patients described in 1986 who had anti-Emm antibodies. The first of these patients also had neurologic symptoms. They found PIGG mutations in all 3 patients. They confirmed this relationship of the mutations with the absence of the Emm antigen in PIGG knockout cell lines. GPI is in part synthesized by adding ethanolamine phosphate to the second and third mannose of the glyca...

A 65-year-old Gujarati man has been found to have EMM Negative, the first distinct blood type in the country. The rarest blood group in the world is EMM Negative. The Gujarati man is the tenth individual in the world to have the most uncommon blood type. The world's rarest blood group, EMM Negative, was discovered to be present in individual, who has a heart condition. There are four different blood types in total: A, B, O, and AB. The EMM Negative blood type, however, cannot be categorized into any of these common blood types. There are 42 different types of blood systems in the human body, including the A, B, O, Rh, and Duffy systems. Source: Safalta.com EMM is present in significant concentrations in 375 distinct types of antigens. If you are preparing for competitive exams and looking for expert guidance, you can download our General Knowledge Free Ebook Current Affairs Ebook Free PDF: Attempt Free Mock Tests- EMM Negative Blood Group is the first distinct blood type in India. • Only 9 persons in the entire globe have the rarest blood type as of today, but a 65-year-old man from Rajkot, Gujarat, has been found to have it. • The 65-year-old guy was receiving medical attention in Ahmedabad for a heart attack. • He required blood for a heart operation, but when the Prathama laboratory in Ahmedabad was unable to identify his blood type, his blood samples were forwarded to the Surat blood donation centre. • The individual possesses the most uncommon blood type in the world,...

Author links open overlay panel Romain Duval 1 2 3 4, Gaël Nicolas 4 5, Alexandra Willemetz 1 2 3 4, Yoshiko Murakami 6, Mahmoud Mikdar 1 2 3 4, Cedric Vrignaud 1 2 3 4, Hisham Megahed 7, Jean-Pierre Cartron 2, Cecile Masson 8, Samer Wehbi 9, Bérengere Koehl 1 2 3, Marie Hully 10, Karine Siquier 11, Nicole Chemlay 12, Agnes Rotig 12, Stanislas Lyonnet 12, Yves Colin 1 2 4, Giulia Barcia 11, Vincent Cantagrel 11, Caroline Le Van Kim 1 2 4 … Slim Azouzi 1 2 3 4 * Show more Abstract Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is a glycolipid that anchors >150 proteins to the cell surface. Pathogenic variants in several genes that participate in GPI biosynthesis cause inherited GPI deficiency disorders. Here, we reported that homozygous null alleles of PIGG, a gene involved in GPI modification, are responsible for the rare Emm-negative blood phenotype. Using a panel of K562 cells defective in both the GPI-transamidase and GPI remodeling pathways, we show that the Emm antigen, whose molecular basis has remained unknown for decades, is carried only by free GPI and that its epitope is composed of the second and third ethanolamine of the GPI backbone. Importantly, we show that the decrease in Emm expression in several inherited GPI deficiency patients is indicative of GPI defects. Overall, our findings establish Emm as a novel blood group system, and they have important implications for understanding the biological function of human free GPI. For original data, please contact the correspon...

According to reports, just nine persons in the world have the rarest blood type, but a 65-year-old man from Rajkot, Gujarat, has been found to have it. He claimed that after analysis revealed the sample did not belong to any particular group, blood samples from the old guy and his family members were sent to America for testing. A 65-year-old man in India's western state of Gujarat who suffers from heart disease was discovered to have the rare blood type EMM negative, which cannot be classified into the four other blood types (A, B, O, or AB). The human body contains 42 different types of blood systems, including A, B, O, Rh, and Duffy. In general, there are four different blood group types. EMM is also present in high amounts in 375 different types of antigens. The patient, who was receiving care in Ahmedabad after having a heart attack, needed blood for heart surgery, according to Sanmukh Joshi, a physician at Samarpan Blood Donation Center in Surat. However, the samples were only delivered to the Surat blood donation centre when his blood type could not be identified at the Prathama Laboratory in Ahmedabad.