Entamoeba histolytica

Amebiasis is infection with Entamoeba histolytica. It is acquired by fecal-oral transmission. Infection is commonly asymptomatic, but symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery may occur. Extraintestinal infections include liver abscesses. Diagnosis is by identifying E. histolytica in stool specimens and confirmed with immunoassays-detecting antigen in the stool, or by serologic tests if extraintestinal disease is suspected. Treatment for symptomatic disease is with metronidazole or tinidazole followed by paromomycin or another drug active against cysts in the lumen of the colon. Amebiasis is caused by E. histolytica and tends to occur in regions with poor socioeconomic conditions and poor sanitation. The parasite is present worldwide, but most infections occur in Central America, western South America, western and southern Africa, and the Indian subcontinent. In countries with sanitary food and water supplies (eg, US), most cases occur among recent immigrants and travelers returning from endemic regions. The motile trophozoites feed on bacteria and tissue, reproduce, colonize the lumen and the mucosa of the large intestine, and sometimes invade tissues and organs. Trophozoites predominate in liquid stools but rapidly die outside the body and, if ingested, would be killed by gastric acids. Some trophozoites in the colonic lumen become cysts that are excreted with stool. E. histolytica trophozoites can adhere to and kill colonic epithelial cells and polymorphon...

Asymptomatic infection should be treated because of the potential risk of progression to invasive disease, the risk of spread to family members, and the potential impact on Public Health. Current U.S. treatment guidelines recommend for asymptomatic infection: Iodoquinol 650 mg PO three times a day for 20 days in adults and 30-40 mg/kg/d PO in three divided doses for 20 days in children OR paromomycin 25-35 mg/kg/d PO in three divided doses for 7 days in adults and children OR diloxanide furoate 500 mg PO three times a day for 10 days in adults and 20 mg/kg/d PO in three divided doses for 10 days in children. Metronidazole is often used for treating the invasive component of intestinal amoebiasis, with a reported cure rate of approximately 90%. Tinidazole has a similar efficacy and has been shown in a Cochrane review to reduce clinical failure with fewer adverse events as compared to metronidazole in the treatment of amoebic colitis. Current U.S. treatment guidelines recommend as first line treatment either metronidazole 500-750 mg PO three times daily for 7-10 days in adults and 35-50 mg/kg/d PO in three divided doses for 7-10 days in children OR tinidazole 2g PO once daily for 3 days in adults and 50 mg/kg/d PO in a single dose for 3 days in children. It is recommended that patients with invasive amoebiasis should be given a luminal agent after treatment with a tissue agent to eliminate any surviving organisms in the colon. Luminal agents used to eradicate intestinal carr...

Amebiasis is an infection caused by a parasite called Entamoeba histolytica Amebiasis is a gastrointestinal disorder caused by a single-celled parasite called Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica), which is spread through human feces. People can get infected with this parasite by consuming contaminated food or When the parasite gets into your Where Is Entamoeba Histolytica Most Commonly Found? E. histolytica can survive in the colon ( The infection can potentially reach the Amebiasis affects people everywhere but is more prevalent in tropical regions with crowded housing and subpar sanitation (India, Mexico, Africa, and parts of South America). The parasite may spread through: • Water or food tainted with stools • Using human waste-based fertilizer • Contact with the mouth or genital region of an infected person The following are risk factors for severe amebiasis: • Malnutrition • Old or young age • • • • Recent travel to a tropical location • Use of corticosteroid medication to reduce immune response • Men who have sex with men • People who live in institutions with poor sanitary conditions Amebiasis is more prevalent in the United States in those who reside in institutions or have visited regions where the disease is widespread. How Does Amebiasis Affect the Body? Most people with the infection do not experience symptoms at all. On average, the incubation period is 2-4 weeks. However, some people may not show any symptoms for months or even years after the initial infec...

Amebiasis is common in tropical countries with underdeveloped sanitation. It’s most common in the Indian subcontinent, parts of Central and South America, Mexico, and parts of Africa. It’s relatively rare in the United States. People with the greatest risk for amebiasis include: • people who have traveled to tropical locations where there’s underdeveloped sanitation • immigrants from tropical countries with underdeveloped sanitary conditions • people who live in institutions with underdeveloped sanitary conditions, such as prisons • men who have sex with other men • people with E. histolytica is a single-celled protozoan that usually enters the human body when a person ingests cysts through food or water. It can also enter the body through direct contact with fecal matter. The cysts are a relatively inactive form of the parasite that can live for several months in the soil or environment where they were deposited in feces. The microscopic cysts are present in soil, fertilizer, or water that’s been contaminated with infected feces. Food handlers may transmit the cysts while preparing or handling food. Transmission is also possible during anal sex, oral-anal sex, and When cysts enter the body, they lodge in the digestive tract. They then release an invasive, active form of the parasite called a trophozoite. The parasites reproduce in the digestive tract and migrate to the large intestine. There, they can burrow into the intestinal wall or the colon. According to the Centers ...

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