Father of philosophy

Did you know that to this day, much of the Western way of thinking is derived from the philosophical explorations of three men of Ancient Greece? Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. No doubt you have heard of these thinkers. Certainly, when I began researching my latest novel, Aphrodite’s Tears, set in Greece and inspired by Ancient Greek mythology, it was no surprise that I came across these names over and over. I was fascinated to learn more about these men, for it struck me that while they became legends, in a sense, their work was fact, not fiction, and its influence has stood the test of more than 2,000 years of history. Socrates The Roman politician Cicero called Socrates ‘the first who brought philosophy down from the heavens, placed it in cities, introduced it into families, and obliged it to examine into life and morals, and good and evil’. In the 5th century BC, Athens was a hub of learning and thinking, and its citizen Socrates was a young man with a head full of ideas. Despite the fact it was illegal at the time ‘to investigate the things above the heavens or below the earth, subjects considered impious’, Socrates made it his business to ask questions in public (known as the Socratic Method of Teaching). What made Socrates so interesting is that he did not cast himself in the role of wise man. In fact, his whole philosophical career was based on this premise: True knowledge exists in knowing that you know nothing. Socrates’ career had begun when the oracle at Delphi...

Gnosticism Gnosticism (after gnôsis, the Greek word for “knowledge” or “insight”) is the name given to a loosely organized religious and philosophical movement that flourished in the first and second centuries CE. The exact origin(s) of this school of thought cannot be traced, although it is possible to locate influences or sources as far back as the second and first centuries BCE, such as the early treatises of the Corpus Hermeticum, the Jewish Apocalyptic writings, and especially In spite of the diverse nature of the various Gnostic sects and teachers, certain fundamental elements serve to bind these groups together under the loose heading of “Gnosticism” or “Gnosis.” Chief among these elements is a certain manner of “anti-cosmic world rejection” that has often been mistaken for mere Sophia (Wisdom) or simply the Logos. This being is described as the final emanation of a divine hierarchy, called the Plêrôma or “Fullness,” at the head of which resides the supreme God, the One beyond Being. The error of Sophia, which is usually identified as a reckless desire to know the transcendent God, leads to the hypostatization of her desire in the form of a semi-divine and essentially ignorant creature known as the Demiurge (Greek: dêmiourgos, “craftsman”), or Ialdabaoth, who is responsible for the formation of the material cosmos. This act of craftsmanship is actually an imitation of the realm of the Pleroma, but the Demiurge is ignorant of this, and hubristically declares himself ...

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Adam Smith was an 18th-century Scottish economist, philosopher, and author who is considered the father of modern economics. Smith argued against mercantilism and was a major proponent of The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Smith proposed the idea of an invisible hand—the tendency of free markets to regulate themselves using competition, supply and demand, and self-interest. Smith is also known for creating the concept of gross domestic product (GDP) and for his theory of compensating wage differentials. According to this theory, dangerous or undesirable jobs tend to pay higher wages to attract workers to these positions. Smith's most notable contribution to the field of economics was his 1776 book, • Adam Smith was an 18th-century Scottish philosopher. • He is considered the father of modern economics. • Smith is most famous for his 1776 book, "The Wealth of Nations." • Smith's writings were studied by 20th-century philosophers, writers, and economists. • Smith's ideas–the importance of free markets, assembly-line production methods, and gross domestic product (GDP)–formed the basis for theories of classical economics. • During his time in France and abroad, his contemporaries included Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Benjamin Franklin , Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot, and François Quesnay. Early Life The recorded history of Smith's life begins at his baptism on June 5, 1723, in Kirkcaldy, Scotland; his exact birthdate is undocumented, but he was raised by his mother (Margaret Do...

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Plato and Socrates Plato was a student and follower of Socrates until 399, when the condemned Socrates died after drinking the prescribed cup of hemlock. It is through Plato that we are most familiar with Socrates' philosophy because he wrote dialogues in which his teacher took part, usually asking leading questions -- the Socratic method. Plato's Apology is his version of the trial and the Phaedo, the The Philosopher King Instead of following a political path, Plato thought it more important to educate would-be statesmen. For this reason, he set up a school for future leaders. His school was called the Academy, named for the park in which it was located. Plato's Republic contains a treatise on education. Gill, N.S. "An Introduction to Plato and His Philosophical Ideas." ThoughtCo, Apr. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/plato-important-philosophers-120328. Gill, N.S. (2023, April 5). An Introduction to Plato and His Philosophical Ideas. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/plato-important-philosophers-120328 Gill, N.S. "An Introduction to Plato and His Philosophical Ideas." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/plato-important-philosophers-120328 (accessed June 16, 2023).

Francis Bacon (1561–1626) was one of the leading figures in natural philosophy and in the field of scientific methodology in the period of transition from the Renaissance to the early modern era. As a lawyer, member of Parliament, and Queen's Counsel, Bacon wrote on questions of law, state and religion, as well as on contemporary politics; but he also published texts in which he speculated on possible conceptions of society, and he pondered questions of ethics ( Essays) even in his works on natural philosophy ( The Advancement of Learning). After his studies at Trinity College, Cambridge and Gray's Inn, London, Bacon did not take up a post at a university, but instead tried to start a political career. Although his efforts were not crowned with success during the era of Queen Elizabeth, under James I he rose to the highest political office, Lord Chancellor. Bacon's international fame and influence spread during his last years, when he was able to focus his energies exclusively on his philosophical work, and even more so after his death, when English scientists of the Boyle circle ( Invisible College) took up his idea of a cooperative research institution in their plans and preparations for establishing the Royal Society. To the present day Bacon is well known for his treatises on empiricist natural philosophy ( The Advancement of Learning, Novum Organum Scientiarum) and for his doctrine of the idols, which he put forward in his early writings, as well as for the idea of a ...

Father’s of Various Fields for General Awareness The article will talk about the Father’s of various fields that are important for the General Awareness Section of various competitive exams. Candidates preparing for upcoming Government exams must go through the list of Father’s of different fields as general knowledge or awareness forms an important part of the syllabus of these examinations. Who is the Father of Hydrogen Bomb? Edward Teller invented the hydrogen bomb in 1952 and is renowned as the Father of the hydrogen bomb. Who is the Father of Email? Ray Tomlinson is known as the Father of Email.  Questions such as these are covered in the general knowledge part of the government exams. Therefore, run down the list of fathers of various fields along with the sample questions given below. Candidates can also download the list of father’s of different fields in PDF format. List of Father’s of Various Fields PDF:- Download PDF Here Aspirants of upcoming Government exams can uplift their preparation with • Free Online Government Exam Mock Tests with Solutions • • • Father’s of Different Fields The table below highlights the list of father’s of different fields. Candidates can download the list of 100+ father’s of various fields in PDF Format for convenience in preparation. List of Father’s of Various Fields Father of Different Fields Names Father of Missile Program A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam) Father of Economics Adam Smith Fa...

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Gnosticism Gnosticism (after gnôsis, the Greek word for “knowledge” or “insight”) is the name given to a loosely organized religious and philosophical movement that flourished in the first and second centuries CE. The exact origin(s) of this school of thought cannot be traced, although it is possible to locate influences or sources as far back as the second and first centuries BCE, such as the early treatises of the Corpus Hermeticum, the Jewish Apocalyptic writings, and especially In spite of the diverse nature of the various Gnostic sects and teachers, certain fundamental elements serve to bind these groups together under the loose heading of “Gnosticism” or “Gnosis.” Chief among these elements is a certain manner of “anti-cosmic world rejection” that has often been mistaken for mere Sophia (Wisdom) or simply the Logos. This being is described as the final emanation of a divine hierarchy, called the Plêrôma or “Fullness,” at the head of which resides the supreme God, the One beyond Being. The error of Sophia, which is usually identified as a reckless desire to know the transcendent God, leads to the hypostatization of her desire in the form of a semi-divine and essentially ignorant creature known as the Demiurge (Greek: dêmiourgos, “craftsman”), or Ialdabaoth, who is responsible for the formation of the material cosmos. This act of craftsmanship is actually an imitation of the realm of the Pleroma, but the Demiurge is ignorant of this, and hubristically declares himself ...