Humerus bone diagram

The humerus is your upper arm bone. It’s connected to 13 muscles and helps you move your arm. When you injure your humerus, it’s likely the muscles and nerves attached to it will be damaged, too. If your bones are weakened by osteoporosis, you have an increased risk for fractures you might not even know about. Overview The humerus is the only bone in your upper arm. It runs from your shoulder to your elbow. What is the humerus? The humerus is your upper arm bone. Other than the bones in your leg, it’s the longest bone in your body. It’s a critical part of your ability to move your arm. Your humerus also supports lots of important muscles, If you experience a fractured (broken) humerus, you might need surgery to repair your bone and physical therapy to help you regain your strength and ability to move. Your humerus — like all bones — can be affected by osteoporosis. Because your humerus is connected to so many Anatomy Where is the humerus located? The humerus is the only bone in your upper arm. It runs from your shoulder to your elbow. What does the humerus look like? The humerus has a rounded end where it meets your shoulder, a long shaft in the middle and a flatter end that forms your elbow joint. The upper end has a ball shape that fits into your shoulder socket. Even though it’s one long bone, your humerus is made up of several parts. These include: Humerus proximal aspect The upper (proximal) end of your humerus connects to your shoulder joint. The proximal end (aspect...

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• Supraspinatus.The supraspinatus muscle originates above the spine of the shoulder blade and inserts on the greater tuberosity of the humerus. • Infraspinatus.The infraspinatus muscle originates below the spine of the scapula in the infraspinatus fossa. It inserts on the posterior aspect of the greater tuberosity (the part of the bone that attaches to the corresponding muscle) of the humerus. • Teres minor.The teres minor muscle originates on the lateral teres major muscle is not part of the rotator cuff. • Subscapularis.The subscapularis muscle originates on the anterior, or front surface, of the scapula, sitting directly over the ribs, and inserts on the lesser tuberosity of the humerus. • Stabilizes the head of the humerus in the shoulder joint. The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis muscles all work together to keep the joint stable. • Abducts (elevates) the shoulder joint out to the side. These motions are done by the supraspinatus. • Externally rotates the shoulder joint. The infraspinatus and teres minor muscles are responsible for these movements. • Depresses the head of the humerus. The subscapularis muscle does this to allow the humerus to move freely in the shoulder joint when the arm is raised. You should talk to a healthcare provider before starting any rotator cuff exercise program. Stop any exercise that causes acute pain or discomfort in your shoulder. How Can I Prevent Rotator Cuff Injuries? You can’t always avoid a rotator cuff ...

Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Identify the anatomical features of a bone • Define and list examples of bone markings • Describe the histology of bone tissue • Compare and contrast compact and spongy bone • Identify the structures that compose compact and spongy bone • Describe how bones are nourished and innervated Bone tissue (osseous tissue) differs greatly from other tissues in the body. Bone is hard and many of its functions depend on that characteristic hardness. Later discussions in this chapter will show that bone is also dynamic in that its shape adjusts to accommodate stresses. This section will examine the gross anatomy of bone first and then move on to its histology. Gross Anatomy of Bone The structure of a long bone allows for the best visualization of all of the parts of a bone ( diaphysis and the epiphysis. The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which is filled with yellow marrow. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone. Figure 6.7 Anatomy of a Long Bone A typical long bone shows the gross anatomical characteristics of bone. The wider section at each end of the bone is called the epiphysis (plural = epiphyses), which is filled with spongy bone. Red marrow fills the spaces in the spongy bone. Each epiphysis meets the diaphysis at the metaphysis, the narrow area that co...