Hyperkinetic disorder

DISEASE/DISORDER: Definition Hyperkinetic movement disorders (HMDs) or dyskinesias, refer to a group of excessive, abnormal and involuntary movements. There are five major types of HMDs (Table 1). 1 Some authors also define ballism separately or as chorea that affects proximal joints. 2 Other HMDs include athetosis, stereotypies and in the amputee population “jumpy stumps”. Etiology HMDs can be itself a disease entity or a sign of another underlying neurologic condition. They can result from genetic abnormalities and neurodegenerative diseases; structural lesions; infection; drugs and toxins; or psychogenic causes (Table 2). 1,2,3,4,5 However, in many cases they have no clear cause and are thus identified as idiopathic. Epidemiology including risk factors and primary prevention Tremor, especially essential tremor (ET), is the most frequent type of HMD seen in clinical practice. An estimated 10-20 million individuals in the United States live with ET. 6 Huntington’s Disease is the most frequent cause of chorea with a worldwide prevalence of 3/100,000 people. 5 Anywhere from 2-50 children/million develop early-onset dystonia and 30-7,000 adults/million develop late-onset dystonia. 7 Adult-onset focal dystonia is by far the most frequent form of isolated dystonia. Focal dystonia is approximately tenfold more common than generalized dystonia. Cervical dystonia is the most frequently documented focal dystonia. 7 Psychiatric illnesses and associated neuroleptic medications have ...

• • • • • • ICD-10 Criteria for Hyperkinetic Disorders The following information is reproduced verbatim from the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1992. (Since the WHO updates the overall ICD on a regular basis, individual classifications within it may or may not change from year to year; therefore, you should always check directly with the WHO to be sure of obtaining the latest revision for any particular individual classification.) F90 Hyperkinetic Disorders This group of disorders is characterized by: early onset; a combination of overactive, poorly modulated behaviour with marked inattention and lack of persistent task involvement; and pervasiveness over situations and persistence over time of these behavioural characteristics. It is widely thought that constitutional abnormalities play a crucial role in the genesis of these disorders, but knowledge on specific etiology is lacking at present. In recent years the use of the diagnostic term “attention deficit disorder” for these syndromes has been promoted. It has not been used here because it implies a knowledge of psychological processes that is not yet available, and it suggests the inclusion of anxious, preoccupied, or “dreamy” apathetic children whose problems are probably different. However, it is clear that, from the point of view of behaviour, problems of inattention constitute a central feature of these hyperkinetic syndromes. Hyperkinetic disorders alw...

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Hyperkinetic Disorder Hyperkinetic disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the presence of excessive involuntary movements. From: Encyclopedia of Movement Disorders, 2010 Related terms: • Parkinson's Disease • Electrical Brain Stimulation • Patient • Basal Ganglia • Globus pallidus • Movement (Physiology) Theodore H. Tulchinsky MD, MPH, ... Matan J. Cohen MD, MPH, PhD, in The New Public Health (Fourth Edition), 2023 Behavioral and emotional disorders of childhood and adolescence Hyperkinetic disorders include inattention, overactivity, and impulsivity. They include a variety of attention disorders, such as attention deficit disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Conduct disorders are characterized by aggressive behavior, repetitive behavior with temper tantrums, lying, stealing, use of dangerous weapons, and other unacceptable behavior. Estimates suggest that 10%–12% of children and adolescents suffer from mental disorders, including autism, hyperactivity, depression, developmental delay, behavior disorders, and emotional disturbances. A high percentage of children and adolescents who suffer from dysfunction due to mental disorders do not receive appropriate therapy. Intermittent explosive disorder (listed in DSM-IV as IED) is a highly prevalent and seriously impairing disorder beginning in late childhood and continuing to adolescence and later ages. Anger attacks in adolescents are common and often associated with heavy drinking of...

Medical condition Hyperkinesia Other names Hyperkinesis Basal ganglia and its normal pathways. This circuitry is often disrupted in hyperkinesia. Hyperkinesia refers to an increase in muscular activity that can result in excessive abnormal movements, excessive normal movements, or a combination of both. Many hyperkinetic movements are the result of improper regulation of the hyper, meaning "increased," and kinein, meaning "to move." Basic hyperkinetic movements can be defined as any unwanted, excess movement. negative signs, which are also typically involved in such disorders. Ataxia [ ] The term Athetosis [ ] Chorea [ ] Dystonia [ ] Hemiballismus [ ] Typically caused by damage to the subthalamic nucleus or nuclei, Hemifacial spasm [ ] Myoclonus [ ] Stereotypies [ ] Tardive dyskinesia / tardive dystonia [ ] tardive dystonia, both referred to as "TD", refers to a wide variety of involuntary stereotypical movements caused by the prolonged use of dopamine receptor-blocking agents. The most common types of these agents are Tics [ ] A When both motor and vocal tics are present and persist for more than one year, a diagnosis of Tremor [ ] A benign essential tremor, or familial tremor, is the most common movement disorder. It is estimated that 5 percent of people worldwide have this condition, affecting those of all ages but typically staying within families. ET typically affects the hands and arms but can also affect the head, voice, chin, trunk and legs. Both sides of the body ...

Medical condition Hyperkinetic disorder Hyperkinetic disorder was a psychiatric neuro-developmental condition that was thought to emerging in early childhood. Its features included an enduring pattern of severe, developmentally inappropriate symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity across different settings (e.g., home and school) that significantly impair academic, social and work performance. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Symptoms [ ] Hyperkinetic people displayed disorganized, poorly controlled, and excessive activity; they lacked perseverance in tasks involving thought and attention and tended to move from one activity to the next without completing any. They were frequently accident-prone, reckless, and impulsive and might thoughtlessly (rather than defiantly) break rules. Cognitive impairment and delayed language and motor development were more common in this group than in the general population, and they might have experienced low self-esteem and engaged in dis-social behavior as a consequence of the disorder. While hyperkinetic children were commonly incautious and unreserved with adults, they might have been isolated and unpopular with other children. Diagnosis [ ] Though the Unlike ADHD, a diagnosis of hyperkinetic disorder required that the clinician directly observed the symptoms (rather than relying only on parent and teacher reports), that onset must have been by age 6 not 7; Hyperkinetic disorder was also sometimes comorbid with Ep...

Hostname: page-component-594f858ff7-jtv8x Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2023-06-16T02:29:40.260Z Has data issue: false Feature Flags: hasContentIssue false Hyperkinetic disorder is the generic ICD-10 (WHO, 1992) term used to describe one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders. It is a severe form of a syndrome which is referred to in DSM–IV (APA, 1994) and the American literature as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Hyperactivity or hyperkinesis can be defined as “an enduring disposition to behave in a restless, inattentive, distractible and disorganised fashion” (Taylor, 1994). It is thus more than motor overactivity. Diagnostically there are three main groups of symptomatology: overactivity, inattentiveness and impulsiveness. Gomes, Ana Allen Parchão, Carla Almeida, Anabela Clemente, Vanda and Pinto de Azevedo, Maria Helena 2014. Sleep–Wake Patterns Reported by Parents in Hyperactive Children Diagnosed According to ICD-10, as Compared to Paired Controls. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, Vol. 45, Issue. 5, p. 533. • • To save this article to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free b...

Involuntary movements compose a group of uncontrolled movements that may manifest as a tremor, tic, myoclonic jerk, chorea, athetosis, dystonia or hemiballism. Recognition of involuntary movements associated with hyperkinetic movement disorders is an important diagnostic skill. This page describes the diagnosis of the major categories of hyperkinetic movement disorders. General Definitions • Tremor: Rhythmic oscillations caused by intermittent muscle contractions. • Tics: Paroxysmal, stereotyped muscle contractions, commonly suppressible, might be simple (single muscle group) or complex. Temporarily suppressible. • Myoclonus: Shock-like, arrhythmic twitches. Not suppressible. • Chorea: Dance-like, unpatterned movements, often approximate a purpose (e.g. adjusting clothes, checking a watch). Often rapid and may involve proximal or distal muscle groups. • Athetosis: Writhing movements, mostly of arms and hands. Often slow. • Dystonia: Sustained or repetitious muscular contractions, often produces abnormal posture. • Hemiballismus: wild, large-amplitude, flinging movements on one side of the body, commonly affecting proximal limb muscles but can also affect the trunk. Physiologic Tremor • Present in almost everyone and a normal finding that usually cannot be seen unless worsened in certain situations that include: • anxiety, fear, physical exhaustion, hypoglycemia, hyperthyroidism, alcohol withdrawal "Essential" Tremor (ET) (Kinetic Tremor / Familial Tremor) • Most common inv...